tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-25386118727124515782024-03-13T12:15:52.329-07:00Sistem InformasiAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01272380169843443848noreply@blogger.comBlogger16125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2538611872712451578.post-4254387273117225222013-06-12T06:13:00.002-07:002013-06-12T06:13:31.597-07:00Tutorial Membuat Website Dengan CMS Magento Di XAMPP<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/--EFEuNk8KTE/UbgXBFH_jzI/AAAAAAAAAqk/9UxiB5LRu4Q/s1600/magento-logo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/--EFEuNk8KTE/UbgXBFH_jzI/AAAAAAAAAqk/9UxiB5LRu4Q/s1600/magento-logo.jpg" height="136" width="320" /></a></div>
<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b>A<span style="color: orange;">s</span><span style="color: yellow;">s</span><span style="color: lime;">a</span><span style="color: cyan;">l</span><span style="color: blue;">a</span><span style="color: purple;">m</span><span style="color: magenta;">u</span>a<span style="color: orange;">l</span><span style="color: yellow;">a</span><span style="color: lime;">i</span><span style="color: cyan;">k</span><span style="color: blue;">u</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span> W<span style="color: orange;">r</span><span style="color: blue;">.<span style="color: purple;">W</span><span style="color: magenta;">b.</span></span></b></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"></span></span></b></span></span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><br /></span></span></b></span></span></span></b><b><span style="color: red;"><blink>Tutorial Membuat Website Dengan CMS Magento Di XAMPP</blink></span></b><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;">,</span></span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;">Ini adalah salah satu CMS yang dibuat khusus untuk penjualan atau transaksi barang bisa juga disebut e-commerce.</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;">Sebelum masuk ke tutorial kita harus, mempunyai XAMPP dahulu untuk tempat database CMSnya dan mengaktifkan Apache, MySQL, FileZilla dalam XAMPP Control Panel seprti gambar dibawah.</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ahZmC8Zdu8A/UbgtVBQt_wI/AAAAAAAAAq0/YKVnrKbeVPE/s1600/1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ahZmC8Zdu8A/UbgtVBQt_wI/AAAAAAAAAq0/YKVnrKbeVPE/s1600/1.png" height="205" width="320" /></a></div>
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Pertama, kita download CMSnya terdahulu, disini saya menggunakan CMS Magento, berikut link :</div>
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Download CMS Magento : <<span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://adf.ly/QPE10" target="_blank"><b>Part1</b></a></span>><<a href="http://adf.ly/QPETF" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;"><b>Part2</b></span></a>><<a href="http://adf.ly/QPEuy" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;"><b>Part3</b></span></a>><<a href="http://adf.ly/QPFAu" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;"><b>Part4</b></span></a>><<a href="http://adf.ly/QPFXG" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;"><b>Part5</b></span></a>><br />Kedua, setelah didownload, pastikan semua part dalam satu folder, kemudian extract part1 secara otomatis part2 dan selanjutnya akan terextract.</div>
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Ketiga, copykan file yang telah diextract tadi dalam C:>xampp>htdocs, seperti gambar dibawah : </div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EU-pI2S1UE0/UbgyfgJQ_hI/AAAAAAAAArE/XQGqND8GgyQ/s1600/2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EU-pI2S1UE0/UbgyfgJQ_hI/AAAAAAAAArE/XQGqND8GgyQ/s1600/2.png" height="178" width="320" /></a></div>
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Selanjutnya, buka browser (Mozilla, Google Chrome), masuk dalam xampp
ketikkan dalam adress bar localhost/, kemudian masuk ke phpmyadmin
membuat databse baru, dalam phpmyadmin tersebut dengan cara klik
Database, dan buat nama database sama seperti folder yang diextract tadi
misal "magento", disamping kanan ada pilihan combobox, yang nilai
defaultnya "Collation" pilih saja "utf8_unicode_ci", kemudian
klik Create. Seperti pada gambar dibawah :</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JBAyFHO1d54/Ubg4PPww0rI/AAAAAAAAArU/Qsrw5AwRnE4/s1600/3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JBAyFHO1d54/Ubg4PPww0rI/AAAAAAAAArU/Qsrw5AwRnE4/s1600/3.png" height="320" width="297" /></a></div>
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Langkah selanjutnya, kembali ke tampilan awal xampp atau ketikkan di adress localhost/, masuk ke dalam Security klik <b>"<span style="color: red;">http://localhost/security/xamppsecurity.php</span></b>" untuk mengubah password. Masukkan saja "root", centang pada pernyataan "Safe plain password in text file?" lalu Klik "password changing" jika ada pemberitahuan seperti ini "<i>The root password was successfully changed. Please restart MYSQL for loading these changes!</i>" berarti telah berhasil.</div>
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Kemudian masuk dalam localhost/namadatabase. Misal disini adalah "localhost/magento".<br />Setelah itu akan ada pemberitahuan untuk menginstall, pilih centang pada pernyataan "I agree.. blablabla","Continue" seperti gambar :</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pS6qEkCEdAw/Ubg9J7mYaDI/AAAAAAAAArk/LJunPPF4HJo/s1600/4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pS6qEkCEdAw/Ubg9J7mYaDI/AAAAAAAAArk/LJunPPF4HJo/s1600/4.png" height="176" width="320" /></a></div>
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Setelah itu akan disuruh memilih lokasi, zona waktu, serta default uang. Klik saja continue. Konfigurasi atur seperti gambar dibawah :</div>
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Setelah ini, akan masuk pada Create Admin Account, isikan seperti gambar dibawah :<br /><span id="goog_305353742"></span><span id="goog_305353743"></span><br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VUaW1Stk8OI/UbhgTHlduzI/AAAAAAAAAsw/p0ch0sGf52w/s1600/7.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VUaW1Stk8OI/UbhgTHlduzI/AAAAAAAAAsw/p0ch0sGf52w/s1600/7.png" height="261" width="320" /></a></div>
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Pada halaman ini, anda telah berhasil membuat website yang dibuat dengan CMS yaitu Magento, halaman ini juga terdapat password yang telah di enkripsi simpan kode tersebut dengan aman, kemudian klik Go To Frontend untuk menuju Home dari Mageto, Klik Go to Backend untuk menuju Login Admin.</div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xAIJYHnwg-c/UbhsZ85ukgI/AAAAAAAAAs8/YjCIoCIIjb8/s1600/8.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xAIJYHnwg-c/UbhsZ85ukgI/AAAAAAAAAs8/YjCIoCIIjb8/s1600/8.png" height="195" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">HalamanHome</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-MBYSIHqqa0U/UbhySK4wkqI/AAAAAAAAAtc/RUisUJPw_30/s1600/10.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-MBYSIHqqa0U/UbhySK4wkqI/AAAAAAAAAtc/RUisUJPw_30/s1600/10.png" height="109" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Halaman Login Admin</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KJUDI5UHZOU/UbhwDOtEFmI/AAAAAAAAAtM/a42dExWln9E/s1600/9.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KJUDI5UHZOU/UbhwDOtEFmI/AAAAAAAAAtM/a42dExWln9E/s1600/9.png" height="179" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Halaman Dashboard</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b>W<span style="color: orange;">a</span><span style="color: yellow;">ss</span><span style="color: lime;">a</span><span style="color: cyan;">l</span><span style="color: blue;">a</span><span style="color: purple;">m</span><span style="color: magenta;">u</span>a<span style="color: orange;">l</span><span style="color: yellow;">a</span><span style="color: lime;">i</span><span style="color: cyan;">k</span><span style="color: blue;">u</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span> W<span style="color: orange;">r</span><span style="color: blue;">.<span style="color: purple;">W</span><span style="color: magenta;">b.</span></span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span><b><span style="color: red;"><blink></blink></span></b><span style="color: red;"><blink></blink></span><b><span style="color: red;"><blink></blink></span></b>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01272380169843443848noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2538611872712451578.post-3379141417053580782013-06-09T18:47:00.000-07:002013-06-12T19:42:06.052-07:00Enterprise dan Manajemen Global Teknologi Informasi (Chapter 12)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3zmXzMD7cvM/UbkoUFv6geI/AAAAAAAAAwE/Z1j7JO4xTy4/s1600/f.GIF" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3zmXzMD7cvM/UbkoUFv6geI/AAAAAAAAAwE/Z1j7JO4xTy4/s1600/f.GIF" height="73" width="320" /></a></div>
<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b>A<span style="color: orange;">s</span><span style="color: yellow;">s</span><span style="color: lime;">a</span><span style="color: cyan;">l</span><span style="color: blue;">a</span><span style="color: purple;">m</span><span style="color: magenta;">u</span>a<span style="color: orange;">l</span><span style="color: yellow;">a</span><span style="color: lime;">i</span><span style="color: cyan;">k</span><span style="color: blue;">u</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span> W<span style="color: orange;">r</span><span style="color: blue;">.<span style="color: purple;">W</span><span style="color: magenta;">b.</span></span></b></span></span></span></b><br />
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<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: red;"><blink>Enterprise dan Manajemen Global Teknologi Informasi </blink></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">merupakan sumberdaya bisnis penting yang haru dikelola dengan benar dalam memastikan keberhasilan atau yang memberi kontribusi pad kegagalan usaha bisnis strategis perusahaan. Dalam mengelola teknologi informasi dilakukan terhadap ketiga komponen utamanya yaitu (Gambar 1):</span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gambar 1. <i>Komponen utama manajemen teknologi informasi</i></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam organisasi bisnis diawali suatu perencanaan bisnis/TI yang berfokus pada penemuan inovatif dengan melibatkan nilai pelanggan perusahaan dan tujuan nilai bisnis perusahaan dengan berfokus pada tiga komponen utama yaitu:</span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengembangan strategi, yang terkait visi bisnis perusahaan misalnya sistem e-business inovatif.</span> </li>
<li>Manajemen sumberdaya, salah satunya melalui outsourcing atas sumberdaya TI termasuk personel TI, hardware, software, data, dan jaringan.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Arsitektur teknologi, yang meliputi platform teknologi (internet, intranet, ekstranet, sistem komputer, software dan lainnya yang mendukung e-business dan e-commerce perusahaan), sumberdaya data, arsitektur aplikasi (integrasi ERP dan CRM), organisasi TI (bergantung pada filosofi manajerial dan strategi bisnis)<span style="color: red;">.</span></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam mengelola fungsi sistem informasinya, perusahaan-perusahaan memiliki berbagai teknik berbeda-beda. Terdapat beberapa perusahaan yang membentuk fungsi sistem informasinya masuk dalam anak perusahaan SI yang menawarkan layanan SI ke organisasi eksternal serta induk perusahaan sendiri. Perusahaan lain membentuk unit bisnis yang terkait internet dan TI dalam unit bisnis terpisah. Ada pula perusahaan lain yang mengontrakkan keluar (outsourcing) dengan mengalihkan semua bagian dari operasi SI perusahaan ke kontraktor luar (integrator sistem). Masing-masing teknik tersebut memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan berbeda-beda.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />Beberapa kasus di perusahaan yang mengalami kegagalan mengelola manajemen TI umumnya karena perusahaan belum menggunakan TI secara efektif dan efisien misalnya: </span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Beberapa perusahaan hanya berfokus untuk mengkomputerisasi proses bisnis tradisional, dimana seharusnya TI yang telah dimiliki digunakan untuk mengembangkan lebih lanjut terkait sistem e-business, e-commerce dan pendukung keputusan lain berbasis Web yang melibatkan pelanggan, pemasok dan mitra bisnis.</span> </li>
<li>Pakar TI atau konsultan mengelola proyek pengembangan aplikasi dengan tidak benar sehingga SI memberikan respon yang lama dan sering kali mati.</li>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Untuk itu sebagai solusi dari kegagalan dalam fungsi sistem informasi tersebut maka diperlukan keterlibatan tingkat manajerial dan pemakai akhir yang ekstensif dan berarti. Dengan adanya intervensi para manajer bisnis dalam keterbukaan fungsi sistem informasi dan praktisi bisnis dalam pengembangan aplikasi sistem informasi, diharapkan akan membentuk respons dari manajemen atas berbagai tantangan dalam meningkatkan nilai bisnis teknologi informasi.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam melakukan manajemen TI global (Gambar 2), langkah awal yang harus diperhitungkan yaitu tantangan budaya (bahasa, agama, kebiasaan, gaya bekerja, hubungan bisnis), politik (regulasi berbeda antarnegara), dan geoekonomi (perbedaan lokasi, biaya hidup dan tenaga kerja antarnegara) yang sedang terjadi di masyarakat internasional. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengembangan strategi bisnis dan TI yang tepat untuk pasar global, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pengembangan portofolio aplikasi bisnis (hardware, software dan teknologi berbasis internet), metode manajemen data yang baik yang pada akhirnya pengembangan sistem yang ada menghasilkan sistem informasi global yang sesuai tujuan perusahaan.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gambar 2. Dimensi - dimensi utama manajemen Teknologi Informasi Teknologi</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Terkait pengembangan strategi bisnis dan TI, saat ini perusahaan yang beroperasi secara internasional telah bergeser menuju strategi bisnis dan TI lintas negara yang bercirikan antara lain: 1) Operasi bisnis virtual melalui persekutuan global; 2) pasar dunia dan penyamaan massal; 3) e-commerce dan layanan pelanggan global; 3) produksi yang transparan; 4) Rantai pasokan dan logistik global; 5) manajemen sumberdaya yang dinamis; 6) teknologi informasi yang terkonsolidasi secara logis, fisik terdistribusi dan dihubungkan dengan internet; 7) sumberdaya data bersama diseluruh dunia; 8) Aplikasi internet, intranet, ekstranet dan aplikasi yang dijalankan melalui web; 9) adanya kebijakan dan standar TI lintas negara. Adanya strategi bisnis dan TI lintas negara memiliki berbagai konsekuensi yang harus dihadapi perusahaan, antara lain:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />1. Aplikasi TI bergantung pada penggerak bisnis global yang terdiri dari:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pelanggan global, yaitu orang-orang yang bepergian kemana saja ataupun perusahaan dengan operasi global dimana kebutuhan akan layanan yang cepat dan nyaman bagi mereka dapat dipenuhi oleh TI.</span> </li>
<li>Produk global, adanya produk yang sama di seluruh dunia memungkinkan TI membantu mebgelola pemasaran dan pengendalian kualitas di seluruh negara.</li>
<li>Operasi global, terkait bagian operasi tertentu yang ditugaskan di anak perusahaan dapat dimungkinkan jika TI global yang mendukung fleksibilitas geografisnya.</li>
<li>Sumberdaya global, dimana distribusi perlengkapan, fasilitas dan orang-orang diantara anak perusahaan dibagi dari perusahaan glonal. Teknologi informasi memungkinkan menelusuri pembagian sumberdaya tersebut.</li>
<li>Kerjasama global, pengetahuan dan keahlian mitra kerja dapat diakses cepat dengan bantuan TI.</li>
</ul>
2. Standarisasi infrastruktur TI global, terkait dengan pengelolaan
hardware, software, sumberdaya data, jaringan telekomunikasi dan
fasilitas komputasi yang seragam pada berbagai anak perusahaan di
berbagai negara. Dalam mengelola sumberdaya dan komunikasi data perlu
diperhatikan berbagai isu sebagai berikut:<ul>
<li>Isu manajemen jaringan, terkait peningkatan efisiensi operasional jaringan dan pengendalian keamanan komunikasi data.</li>
<li>Isu peraturan, terkait larangan aliran data lintas batas negara,
peraturan telekomunikasi internasional, politik internasional.</li>
<li>Isu teknologi, terkait infrastruktur jaringan antar negara,dan integrasi teknologi internasional.</li>
<li>Isu yang berorientasi pada negara, terkait rekonsiliasi perbedaan nasional dan struktur pajak internasional.</li>
</ul>
3. Internet sebagai standar TI global, memberi saluran interaktif berbiaya rendah untuk komunikasi dan pertukaran data dengan para karyawan, pelanggan, pemasok, distributor yang tersebar diseluruh dunia, dapat memperluas pangsa pasar, dan meningkatkan margin laba.<br />
<br />Berbagai tantangan platform teknologi informasi global diantaranya yaitu:<br />1. Hambatan Hardware<br />
<ul>
<li>Harga yang tinggi</li>
<li>Adanya beban pajak yang memberatkan. </li>
<li>Pembatasan impor</li>
<li>Adanya time lag terkait persetujuan pemerintah</li>
<li>Keterbatasan jasa perbaiakn dan suku cadang hardware tingkat lokal.</li>
<li>Keterbatasan dokumentasi terkait kondisi spesifik lokasi.</li>
</ul>
2. Hambatan software<br />
<ul>
<li>Software yang tidal kompatibel untuk semua sistem komputer, misalnya antara Uni Eropa dengan Asia dan Amerika Serikat.</li>
<li>Keharusan menggunakan software berlisensi yang berharga cukup tinggi sehingga membatasi pengguna sistem informasi untuk mengeksplor berbagai software.</li>
</ul>
Operasi bisnis global yang semakin berkembang telah melahirkan isu-isu akses data global seiring dengan pesatnya pertumbuhan internet dan e-commerce. Salah satunya tentang aliran data lintas negara (Transborder Data Flow – TDF) yang merupakan aliran data melintasi batas internasional melalui jaringan telekomunikasi sistem informasi global. Banyak prokontra terkait hal in antara lain:<br />
<ol>
<li>TDF dianggap melanggar status kemerdekaan mengingat aliran data lintas negara dinilai menghindari peraturan dan bea cukai untuk impor atau ekspor barang jasa.</li>
<li>TDF melanggar hukum karena melindungi industri TI lokal dan tenaga kerja lokal dari persaingan.</li>
<li>Dari sisi politik, TDF dianggap mempengaruhi pergerakan keluar dari negara atas data personal e-commerce, dan aplikasi SDM.</li>
<li>Di Eropa, TDF dinilai melanggar hukum privasi mengingat data mengenai individu dipindahkan keluar dari negara tanpa penjagaan privasi yang jelas. Sebagai solusi sementara masalah ini, terdapat suatu kesepakatan privasi data antara Uni Eropa dengan USA yang memberi “pelabuhan yang aman” dimana berbagai perusahaan e-commerce internasional dapat bergabung dalam program mandiri yang memberi pelanggan Eropa informasi dasar mengenai bagaimana data personal mereka dipergunakan. Beberapa persyaratan dalam kesepakatan itu antara lain:</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Pemberitahuan tujuan dan penggunaan data yang dikumpulkan</li>
<li>Kemampuan untuk menolak distribusi data ke pihak ketiga</li>
<li>Akses untuk pelanggan atas informasi mereka</li>
<li>Keamanan, integritas data dan penegakkan ketetapan yang memadai.</li>
</ul>
Selain isu terkait TDF, isu lain terkesan lebih ekstrim yaitu adanya negara-negara yang melarang adanya akses internet. Diketahui bahwa terdapat setidaknya 45 negara yang membatasi warga negara mereka untuk mengakses internet, dimana bentuk pembatasannya dapat berupa sebagai berikut:<br />
<ol>
<li>Biaya akses tinggi untuk pemerintah – Kazakhstan dan Kyrgystan.</li>
<li>Akses yang diawasi pemerintah – Cina, Iran, Arab saudi, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan.</li>
<li>Akses yang disaring pemerintah – Belarus, Kuba, Irak, Tunisia, Leone, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Vietnam.</li>
<li>Akses publik tidak diijinkan – Birma, Libia, Korea Utara, sudan, Siria. <br />Berbagai pembatasan tersebut menjadi isu bisnis karena menghambat pertumbuhan e-commerce. Pelarangan internet bukanlah kebijakan yang tepat bahkan dapat merugikan peluang negara mereka mencapai pertumbuhan ekonomi dan kesejahteraan. Adanya internet dapat meningkatkan pangsa pasar, menurunkan biaya komunikasi dan distribusi yang apada akhirnya dapat meningkatkan profit perusahaan.</li>
</ol>
Pengembangan sistem global juga tidak lepas dari berbagai isu-isu yang kontroversi antara lain:<br />
<ol>
<li>Tantangan mengembangkan aplikasi yang efisien, efektif dan responsif di seluruh negara didunia yang menggunakan sistem e-business global.</li>
<li>Gangguan yang disebabkan aktivitas implementasi sistem dan pemeliharaannya.</li>
<li>Kelebihan dan kelemahan antara mengembangan satu sistem yang dapat berjalan di multikomputer dan standar sistem operasi atau membiarkan setiap situs lokal menyesuaikan software sesuai kebutuhan masing-masing.</li>
<li>Standarisasi global tentang definisi data terkait perbedaan bahasa, budaya, standar teknologi.</li>
</ol>
Dalam rangka mengatasi berbagai tantangan pengembangan sistem yang timbul dalam TI global tersebut maka dapat dilakukan beberapa strategi pengembangan sistem yaitu:<br />
<ol>
<li>Mengubah aplikasi yang digunakan oleh kantor induk ke dalam aplikasi global.</li>
<li>Membuat tim pengembangan multinasional yang terdiri dari orang-orang penting dari beberapa anak perusahaan untuk memastikan desaiN sistem sesuai kebutuhan situs lokal dan kantor pusat perusahaan.</li>
<li>Pengembangan paralel mengingat bagian-bagian dari sitem yang ditugaskan ke anak perusahaan yang berbeda dan kantor induk untuk mengembangkan pada saat yang bersamaan, berdasarkan pada keahlian dan pengalaman setiap lokasi.</li>
<li>Dengan konsep center of excellence, seluruh sistem dapat ditugaskan untuk pengembangan anak perusahaan tertentu berdasarkan keahlian dalam dimensi bisnis atau teknis.</li>
<li>Strategi terakhir yang berkembang belakangan ini yaitu dengan melakukan outsourcing kegiatan pengembangan ke perusahaan pengembangan global yang memiliki keahlian dan pengalaman yang tepat untuk mengembangkan aplikasi IT global.</li>
</ol>
Sumber : <<a href="http://adf.ly/QReIr" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;"><b>PPT</b></span></a>><<a href="http://adf.ly/QReRM" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;"><b>PDF</b></span></a>><br />
Password RAR : Alfan <br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b>W<span style="color: orange;">a</span><span style="color: yellow;">ss</span><span style="color: lime;">a</span><span style="color: cyan;">l</span><span style="color: blue;">a</span><span style="color: purple;">m</span><span style="color: magenta;">u</span>a<span style="color: orange;">l</span><span style="color: yellow;">a</span><span style="color: lime;">i</span><span style="color: cyan;">k</span><span style="color: blue;">u</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span> W<span style="color: orange;">r</span><span style="color: blue;">.<span style="color: purple;">W</span><span style="color: magenta;">b.</span></span></b></span></span> </div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01272380169843443848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2538611872712451578.post-56149498811075942132013-06-08T12:06:00.000-07:002013-06-12T18:46:14.948-07:00Tantangan Keamanan Dan Etika (Chapter 11)<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LvNnQkIZt8g/UbjI9rXzniI/AAAAAAAAAv0/UOCt7u0qH_s/s1600/Cover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LvNnQkIZt8g/UbjI9rXzniI/AAAAAAAAAv0/UOCt7u0qH_s/s1600/Cover.jpg" /></a><b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b>A<span style="color: orange;">s</span><span style="color: yellow;">s</span><span style="color: lime;">a</span><span style="color: cyan;">l</span><span style="color: blue;">a</span><span style="color: purple;">m</span><span style="color: magenta;">u</span>a<span style="color: orange;">l</span><span style="color: yellow;">a</span><span style="color: lime;">i</span><span style="color: cyan;">k</span><span style="color: blue;">u</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span> W<span style="color: orange;">r</span><span style="color: blue;">.<span style="color: purple;">W</span><span style="color: magenta;">b.</span></span></b></span></span></span></b><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: red;"><b><blink>Tantangan Keamanan Dan Etika</blink></b></span>, adalah sebuah masalah yang terjadi karena dalam bisnis mempunyai dampak besar pada masyarakat dan akibatnya akan menimbulkan berbagai isu etika daalam hal kejahatan, privasi, individualitas dan lainnya.</span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: lime;"><b>Tanggung Jawab Etika Dari Professional Bisnis</b></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Praktisi bisnis memiliki tanggung jawab untuk menyebarluaskan penggunaan TI yang beretika di tempat kerja. Seorang manajer ataupun praktisi bisnis bertanggung jawab membuat keputusan mengenai berbagai aktivitas bisnis dan penggunaan TI, yang mungkin memiliki dimensi etika yang harus dipertimbangkan.<br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a> Contohnya :</div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li>Haruskah praktisi bisnis secara elektronik memonitor aktivitas kerja para karyawan dan email mereka.</li>
<li>Haruskah membiarkan karyawan menggunakan komputer di tempat kerja mereka untuk kepentingan pribadi atau membawa pulang berbagai copy software untuk digunakan sendiri.</li>
<li>Haruskah secara elektronik mengakses catatan pribadi karyawan atau berbagai file ditempat kerja karyawan</li>
<li>Haruskah menjual informasi pelanggan yang di ekstrasi dari sistem pemrosesan transaksi ke perusahaan lain</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Etika bisnis (business ethics) berkaitan dengan berbagai pertanyaan etika yang harus dihadapi para manajer dalam pengambilan keputusan mereka seharihari. Teori stakeholder (stakeholder theory) dalam etika bisnis menekankan bahwa para manajer memiliki tanggung jawab etika untuk mengelola perusahaan demi kebaikan semua pemilik kepentingan, yang terdiri dari individu atau kelompok dengan kepentingan atau kebutuhan atas perusahaan. Hal ini biasanya meliputi para pemegang saham perusahaan, karyawan, pelanggan, pemasok, dan masyarakat setempat. Kadang kala istilah tersebut diperluas dengan memasukkan semua kelompok yang dapat mempengaruhi atau dipengaruhi oleh perusahaan, seperti pesaing, lembaga pemerintahan dan kelompok kepentingan khusus.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
Selain etika bisnis ada juga yang disebut sebagai etika teknologi (technology ethics). Prinsip-prinsip etika teknologi, yaitu:</div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li>Proporsional. Hal baik yang dicapai melalui teknologi harus melebihi bahaya atau risikonya. Bahkan, harus ada alternatif yang dapat mencapai manfaat yang sama atau yang sebanding dengan bahaya atau risiko yang lebih kecil.</li>
<li>Persetujuan Berdasarkan informasi. Mereka yang terkena dampak dari teknologi harus memahami dan menerima berbagai risikonya.</li>
<li>Keadilan. Manfaat dan beban teknologi harus disebarkan secara adil. Mereka yang mendapat manfaat menanggung bagian yang adil risikonya, dan mereka yang tidak mendapatkan manfaat harus di bebaskan dari penderitaan akibat peningkatan risiko yang signifikan.</li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li>Minimalisasi Risiko. Bahkan jika dinilai dapat diterima oleh ketiga petunjuk diatas, teknologi harus diimplementasikan dengan sedemikian rupa untuk menghindari semua risiko yang tidak perlu ada.</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: lime;"><b>Kejahatan Komputer</b></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
Kejahatan dunia maya adalah ancaman yang berkembang bagi mayarakat, yang disebabkan oleh penjahat atau tindakan yang tidak bertanggung jawab dari para individual yang mengambil keuntungan dari penggunaan luas serta kerentanan komputer dan internet, serta jaringan lainnya. Kejahatan komputer (computer crime) didefinisikan oleh Association of Information Technology Professionals (AITP) meliputi : </div>
<ol style="text-align: justify;">
<li>Penggunaan, akses, modifikasi, dan pengaturan hardware, software, data atau sumber daya jaringan secara tidak sah </li>
<li>Pemberian informasi secara tidak sah </li>
<li>Pembuatan copy software secara tidak sah </li>
<li>Mengingkari akses pemakai akhir ke hardware, software, data, atau sumber daya jaringan sendiri</li>
<li>Menggunakan atau berkonspirasi untuk menggunakan sumber daya komputer atau jaringan untuk secara illegal mendapatkan informasi atau properti berwujud. </li>
</ol>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Hacking adalah penggunaan komputer yang obsesif, atau akses dan penggunaan tidak sah dalam sistem jaringan komputer.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Taktik umum hacking yaitu:</div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li>Pengingkaran Layanan (Denial of Service) Praktik ini menjadi hal yang umum dalam permainan jaringan. Dengan menghujani perlengkapan situs web dengan terlalu banyak permintaan, penyerang dapat secara efektif menyumbat sistem, memperlambat kinerja atau bahkan merusak situs tersebut. Metode membebani komputer secara berlebihan ini kadang kala digunakan untuk menutupi serangan.</li>
<li>Memindai (Scans) Penyebaran pemeriksaan internet untuk menetapkan jenis komputer, layanan, dan koneksinya. Melalui cara itu para penjahat dapat memanfaatkan kelemahan dalam program komputer atau software tertentu.</li>
<li>Pengendus (Sniffer) Program yang secara terbalik mencari setiap paket data ketika mereka melalui internet, menangkap password atau keseluruhan isi paketnya.</li>
<li>Memalsu (Spoofing) Memalsu alamat email atau halaman web untuk menjebak pemakai menyampaikan informasi penting seperti password atau nomor kartu kredit.</li>
<li>Kuda Troya (Trojan Horse) program yang tanpa diketahui pemakai, berisi perintah untuk memanfaatkan kerentanan yang diketahui dalam beberapa software.</li>
<li>Pintu Belakang (Back Door) Jika titik masuk asli telah dideteksi, membuat beberapa cara kembali mudah dan sulit untuk dideteksi.</li>
<li>Applet Jahat (Malicious Applets) Program mini, kadang kala ditulis dalam bahasa komputer yang terkenal, Java, yang menyalahgunakan sumber daya komputer anda, mengubah file di hard disk, mengirim email palsu, atau mencuri password.</li>
<li>War Dialling Program yang secara otomatis menelepon ribuan nomor telepon melalui koneksi modem Bom Logika (Logic Bomb) Perintah dalam program komputer yang memicu tindakan jahat.</li>
<li>Pembebanan Penyimpanan sementara (buffer Overflow) Tekhnik untuk merusak atau mengambil alih kendali komputer dengan mengirimkan terlalu banyak data ke area penyimpanan sementara komputer di memori komputer.</li>
<li>Penjebol Password (Password Cracker) Software yang dapat menebak password.</li>
<li>Rekaya social (Social Engineering) Taktik yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan akses ke sistem komputer melalui perbincangan dengan para karyawan perusahaan yang tidak menaruh curiga untuk mengorek informasi berharga seperti password.</li>
<li>Penyelaman Bak Sampah (Dumpster Diving) Berburu melalui sampah perusahaan untuk menemukan informasi yang membantu menerobos masuk ke dalam komputer perusahaan tersebut. Kadang kala informasi tersebut digunakan untuk membuat jebakan dalam rekayasa melalui kehidupan sosial, lebih kredibel. </li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Beberapa contoh penyalahgunaan internet di tempat kerja:</div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li>Penyalahgunaan umum email</li>
<li>Penggunaan dan akses tidak sah seperti berbagi password dan akses ke dalam jaringan tanpa ijin</li>
<li>Pelanggaran / pemalsuan hak cipta</li>
<li>Memasukkan pesan mengenai berbagai topik yang tidak terkait dengan pekerjaan ke newsgroup </li>
<li>Transmisi data rahasia seperti penggunaan internet untuk menampilkan atau mentransmisikan rahasia dagang</li>
<li>Pornografi </li>
<li>Hacking </li>
<li>Download / upload hal-hal yang tidak berkaitan dengan pekerjaan</li>
<li>Penggunaan internet untuk hiburan </li>
<li>Penggunaan ISP eksternal untuk terhubung dengan internet agar dapat menghindari deteksi</li>
<li>Menggunakan sumber daya kantor untuk kerja sampingan</li>
</ul>
<span style="color: lime;"><b>Berbagai Isu Privasi</b></span> <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
Isu mengenai privasi yang penting sedang di perdebatkan dalam dunia bisnis dan pemerintah. Karena teknologi internet mempercepat semua keberadaan koneksi telekomunikasi global dalam bisnis dan masyarakat. Contohnya :</div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li>Mengakses percakapan pribadi email seseorang dan catatan komputernya, serta mengumpulkan dan berbagi informasi mengenai keuntungan individual yang didapat dari kunjungan mereka pada berbagai situs web internet serta newsgroup.</li>
<li>Selalu mengetahui lokasi seseorang terutama ketika telepon genggam menjadi makin erat dihubungkan dengan orang dari pada tempat.</li>
<li>Menggunakan informasi pelanggan yang didapatkan dari banyak sumber untuk memasarkan layanan bisnis tambahan. </li>
<li>Mengumpulkan nomor telepon, alamat email, nomor kartu kredit, dan informasi personal lainnya untuk membangun profil setiap pelanggan.</li>
</ul>
<span style="color: lime;"><b>Berbagai Isu Kesehatan</b></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Penggunaan TI di tempat kerja meningkatkan berbagai isu kesehatan (health issue ). Penggunaan yang intensif atas komputer dilaporkan menyebabkan masalah kesehatan seperti stress di tempat kerja, kerusakan otot tangan dan leher, kelelahan mata, ekspos terhadap radiasi dan bahkan kematian oleh kecelakaan yang disebabkan oleh komputer.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
Solusi untuk beberapa masalah kesehatan ini didasarkan pada ilmu ergonomik (ergonomics), yang kadang disebutkan sebagai rekayasa faktor manusia (human factors engineering). Tujuan dari ergonomik adalah untuk mendesain lingkungan kerja sehat yang aman, nyaman dan menyenangkan bagi orangorang untuk bekerja didalamnya, hingga meningkatkan moral serta produktivitas karyawan. Ergonomik menekankan pada kesehatan desain tempat kerja, terminal kerja, komputer dan mesin lainnya, bahkan paket software. Masalah kesehatan lainnya mungkin membutuhkan solusi ergonomik yang menekankan pada desain pekerjaan, daripada desain tempat kerja.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: lime;"><b>Manajemen Keamanan TI</b></span></div>
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Tujuan dari manajemen keamanan (security management) adalah untuk akurasi, integritas dan keamanan proses serta sumber daya semua sistem informasi. Manajemen keamanan yang efektif dapat meminimalkan kesalahan, penipuan dan kerugian dalam SI yang saling menghubungkan perusahaan saat ini dengan para pelanggan, pemasok dan stakeholder lainnya. Beberapa pertahanan yang penting saat ini :</div>
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<li>Enkripsi data</li>
<li>Firewall</li>
<li>Pertahanan dari serangan pengingkaran layanan (distributed denial of service). Serbuan pengingkaran layanan melalui internet tergantung pada 3 lapis sistem komputer jaringan, yaitu: a. Situs web korban <br />b. Penyedia layanan internet korban <br />c. Situs “zombie” atau komputer bantuan yang diaktifkan oleh para penjahat dunia maya.</li>
<li>Pemonitoran email</li>
<li>Pertahanan dari virus</li>
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Beberapa alat keamanan lainnya, yaitu:</div>
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<li>Kode keamanan (Biasanya sistem password bertingkat digunakan untuk manajemen keamanan)</li>
<li>Pembuatan cadangan file (backup file)</li>
<li>Pemonitor keamanan<br />Keamanan suatu jaringan dapat disediakan oleh paket software sistem khusus yang disebut sebagai pemonitor keamanan sistem (system security monitor)</li>
<li>Keamanan biometris (biometric security)<br />Merupakan alat keamanan yang disediakan oleh peralatan komputer, yang mengukur ciri khas fisik yang membedakan setiap individu. Hal ini meliputi verifikasi suara, sidik jari, geometri tangan, dinamika tanda tangan, analisis penekanan tombol, pemindai retina mata, pengenalan wajah, serta analisis pola genetik.</li>
<li>Pengendali kegagalan komputer</li>
<li>Sistem toleransi kegagalan (fault tolerant) </li>
<li>Pemulihan dari bencana (disaster recovery)</li>
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<span style="color: lime;"><b>Pengendalian Dan Audit Sistem</b></span><br />
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Dua persyaratan akhir manajemen keamanan adalah pengembangan pengendalian SI dan penyelesaian audit sistem bisnis.</div>
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Pengembangan pengendalian SI (information system controls)<br />
Adalah metode dan alat yang berusaha untuk memastikan akurasi, validitas, dan kebenaran aktivitas SI. Pengendalian SI harus dikembangkan untuk memastikan entri data, teknik pemrosesan, metode penyimpanan, serta output informasi yang tepat. Jadi, pengendalian SI didesain untuk memonitor dan memelihara kualitas serta keamanan input, pemrosesan, output, dan aktivitas penyimpanan di sistem informasi mana pun.</div>
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Penyelesaian audit sistem bisnis</div>
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Manajemen keamanan TI harus secara periodik diperiksa, atau diaudit, oleh karyawan bagian internal audit di perusahaan atau auditor eksternal dari kantor akuntan public professional. Audit semacam ini mengkaji dan mengevaluasi apakah alat keamanan dan kebijakan manajemen yang memadai telah dikembangkan serta diimplementasikan. Hal ini biasanya meliputi verifikasi akurasi dan integritas software yang di gunakan, serta input data dan output yang dihasilkan oleh berbagai aplikasi bisnis. Tujuan penting lainnya dari audit sistem bisnis adalah menguji integritas dari jejak audit aplikasi. Jejak audit (audit trail) dapat didefinisikan sebagai keberadaan dokumentasi yang memungkinkan sebuah transaksi ditelusuri melalui berbagai tahapan pemrosesan informasinya.</div>
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Sumber : <<a href="http://adf.ly/QRYMb" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;"><b>PPT</b></span></a>><<a href="http://adf.ly/QRYRM" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: blue;">PDF</span></b></a>> </div>
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Password RAR = Alfan</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b>W<span style="color: orange;">a</span><span style="color: yellow;">ss</span><span style="color: lime;">a</span><span style="color: cyan;">l</span><span style="color: blue;">a</span><span style="color: purple;">m</span><span style="color: magenta;">u</span>a<span style="color: orange;">l</span><span style="color: yellow;">a</span><span style="color: lime;">i</span><span style="color: cyan;">k</span><span style="color: blue;">u</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span> W<span style="color: orange;">r</span><span style="color: blue;">.<span style="color: purple;">W</span><span style="color: magenta;">b.</span></span></b></span></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01272380169843443848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2538611872712451578.post-64008788081049471082013-06-07T12:04:00.000-07:002013-06-12T12:04:57.506-07:00Mengembangkan Solusi Bisnis/IT (Chapter 10)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b>A<span style="color: orange;">s</span><span style="color: yellow;">s</span><span style="color: lime;">a</span><span style="color: cyan;">l</span><span style="color: blue;">a</span><span style="color: purple;">m</span><span style="color: magenta;">u</span>a<span style="color: orange;">l</span><span style="color: yellow;">a</span><span style="color: lime;">i</span><span style="color: cyan;">k</span><span style="color: blue;">u</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span> W<span style="color: orange;">r</span><span style="color: blue;">.<span style="color: purple;">W</span><span style="color: magenta;">b.</span></span></b></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="color: blue;"></span></b></span></span></span></b><br />
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<span style="color: red;"><b><blink>Mengembangkan Solusi Bisnis/IT</blink></b></span>, merupakan suatu usaha dibidang bisnis agar mampu berkembang serta bersaing dengan bisnis - bisnis yang sudah ada.</div>
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<span style="color: lime;"><b>A. Mengembangkan Sistem Bisnis</b></span></div>
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<b>Pengembangan Sistem Informasi</b></div>
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Ketika pengembangan sistem untuk penyelesaian masalah diterapkan untuk pengembangan solusi sistem informasi terhadap masalah bisnis, maka hal ini disebut Information Systems Development (pengembangan sistem informasi) atau Application Development (pengembangan aplikasi). Bagian ini akan menunjukkan kepada anda bagaimana pendekatan sistem dapat digunakan untuk mengembangkan aplikasi dan sistem e-business yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan bisnis perusahan, karyawan, dan pihak-pihak lain yang berkepentingan terhadap perusahaan (stakeholder).</div>
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<b>Pendekatan Sistem</b></div>
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System Approach untuk penyelesaian masalah menggunakan orientasi sistem untukmerumuskan masalah dan peluang dan mengembangkan solusi. Menganalisis masalah dan memformulasikan solusi melibatkan aktivitas yang saling berhubungan di bawah ini:</div>
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1. Kenali dan rumuskan Masalah atau Peluang dengan menggunakan pemikiran sistem.<br />
2. Kembangkan dan evaluasi alternatif solusi sistem.<br />
3. Pilih solusi sistem yang memenuhi persyaratan anda.<br />
4. Desain solusi sistem yang dipilih.<br />
5. Implementasikan dan evaluasi kesuksesan sistem yang telah didesain.</div>
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<b>Siklus Pengembangan Sistem</b></div>
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Menggunakan pendekatan sistem untuk mengembangkan solusi sistem informasi dapat dipandang sebagai proses multilangkah yang disebut Information Systems Development Cycle (siklus pengembangan sistem informasi), yang juga dikenal sebagai System Development Life Cycle-SDLC (siklus hidup pengembangan sistem). Gambar berikut mengilustrasikan apa yang terjadi pada tiap langkah dari proses ini, yang mencakup langkah:<br />
1. Investigasi<br />
2. Analisis<br />
3. Desain<br />
4. Implementasi<br />
5. Pemeliharaan<br />
Akan tetapi, anda harus menyadari bahwa semua aktiviats yang terlibat sangat berhubungan satu sama lain dan saling terikat. Oleh karena itu, pada prakteknya, beberapa akivitas pengembangan bisa muncul pada saat yang bersamaan. Jadi bagian yang berbeda dari proyek pengembangan bisa jadi berada pada tingkat yang berbeda pada siklus pengembangan.</div>
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<b>Pembuatan Prototipe</b></div>
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Proses pengembangan sistem sering kali mengambil format, atau mencakup pendekatan pembuatan prototipe. Prototyping (pembuatan prototipe) adalah pengembangan yang cepat dan pengujian terhadap model kerja, atau prototipe, dari aplikasi baru dalam proses yang interaktif dan berulang-ulang yang bisa digunakan oleh ahli SI dan praktisi bisnis. Pembuatan prototipe membuat proses pengembangan lebih cepat dan lebih mudah, khususnya untuk priyek di mana persyaratan pemakai akhir sulit dirumuskan. Pembuatan prototipe terkadang disebut juga Rapid Application Design-RAD (desain aplikasi cepat). Pembuatan prototipe juga membuka proses pengembangan aplikasi untuk pemakai akhir karena pembuatan prototipe menyederhanakan dan memepercepat desain sistem. Jadi, pembuatan prototipe telah memeperluas peran pemilik kepentingan bisnis yang dipengaruhi oleh sistem yang diusulkan, dan memungkinkan untuk mempercepat proses pengembangan yang lebih tanggap atau disebut juga Agile Systems Development-ASD.</div>
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Proses Pembuatan Prototipe</div>
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Pembuatan prototipe dapat digunakan untuk aplikasi besar dan aplikasi kecil. Umumnya, sistem bisnis besar masih perlu menggunakan pendekatan pengembangan sistem tradisional, tetapi sebagian sistem tersebut sering kali dapat dibuatkan prototipenya. Prototipe aplikasi bisnis yang diperlukan oleh pemakai akhir dikembangkan secara cepat dengan menggunakan berbagai alat software pengembangan aplikasi. Kemudian sistem prototipe tersebut diperbaiki berkali-kali hingga dapat diterima. Sebagaimana diilustrasikan padagambar berikut, pembuatan prototipe merupakan proses yang interaktif dan berulang-ulang, yang menggabungkan langkah-langkah siklus pengembangan sistem tradisional. Pemakai akhir yang cukup berpengalaman dengan alat pengembangan aplikasi dapat membuat prototipe sendiri. Atau, anda bisa bekerja sama dengan ahli SI untuk mengembangkan sistem prototipe dalam rangkaian sesi interaktif. Anda bisa mengembangkan, menguji dan memperbaiki prototipe laporan manajemen, layar entri data, atau tampilan output.</div>
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Biasanya sebuah prototipe dimodifikasi beberapa kali sebelum pemakai akhir menyatakan bahwa prototipe tersebut dapat diterima. Modul program yang tidak dihasilkan oleh software pengembangan aplikasi bisa dikodekan oleh programer dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman konvensional. Versi akhir sistem aplikasi kemudian diserahkan kepada pemakai akhir untuk keperluan operasional. Gambar berikut menyebutkan proses pengembangan sistem berbasis prototipe untuk aplikasi bisnis.</div>
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<b>Memulai Proses Pengembangan Sistem</b><br />
Langkah pertama dalam proses pengembangan sistem adalah System Investigation Stage (tahap investigasi sistem). Tahap ini dapa melibatkan pertimbangan proposal yang dihasilkan dari proses bisnis/TI. Tahap investigasi juga termasuk studi awal solusi sistem informasi yang diusulkan untuk memenuhi prioritas bisnis perusahaan dan peluang seperti yang diidentifikasikan dalam proses perencanaan.</div>
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Studi Kelayakan<br />
Feasibility Study (studi kelayakan) adalah studi awal untuk merumuskan informasi yang dibutuhkan oleh pemakai akhir, kebutuhan sumber daya, biaya, manfaat, dan kelayakan proyek yang diusulkan. Setelah itu tim praktisi bisnis dan ahli SI akan menyajikan temuan dari studi ini dalam laporan tertulis yang mencakup spesifikasi awal dan rencana pengembangan untuk aplikasi bisnis yang diusulkan. Jika pihak manajemen perusahaan menyetujui rekomendasi studi kelayakan ini, maka proses pengembangan bisa dilanjutkan.<br />
Jadi, tujuan diadakan studi kelayakan adalah untuk mengevaluasi solusi sistem alternatif dan mengusulkan aplikasi bisnis yang paling layak dan paling diinginkan untuk dikembangkan. Kelayakan usulan sistem bisnis dapat dievaluasi dala empat kategori besar.</div>
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Organizational Feasibility (kelayakan organisasional) berfokus pada sebaik apakah dukungan sistem yang diusulkan terhadap prioritas bisnis strategis organisasi. Economic Feasibility (kelayakan ekonomi) berhubungan dengan apakah penghematan biaya, peningkatan pendapatan, peningkatan keuntungan, pengurangan investasi yang diperlukan, dan manfaat lain yang diharapkan akan melebihi biaya pengembangan dan biaya operasional sistem yang diusulkan. Sebagai contoh, jika usulan sistem sumebr daya manusia tidak bisa menutupi biaya pengembangannya, maka usulan itu tidak akan disetujui,kecuali dimandatkan oleh peraturan pemerintah atau pertimbangan bisnis strategi. Yang terakhir adalah Operational Feasibility (kelayakan operasional) adalah kemauan dan kemampuan manajemen, karyawan, pelanggan, pemasok, dan pihak lain yang mengoperasikan, menggunakan, dan mendukung sistem yang diusulkan.</div>
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Benefit Analysis (analisis manfaat). Analisis manfaat biasanya termasuk dalam studi kelayakan. Jika biaya dan manfaat bisa dihitung, hal ini disebut berwujud (tangible), jika tidak bisa dihitung disebut tak berwujud (intangible). Contoh biaya yang berwujud adalah biaya hardware dan software, gaji karyawan dan biaya lain yang dapat dihitung dan dibutuhkan untuk mengembangkan dan menerpkan solusi SI. Intangible Cost (biaya tak berwujud) adalah biaya yang sulit diukur; biaya itu termasuk hilangnya niat baik pelanggan atau moral karyawan yang disebabkan oleh kekeliruan dan gangguan instalasi sistem baru.</div>
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Tangible Benefit (manfaat berwujud) adalah hasil yang diharapkan; seperti penurunab biaya gaji yang disebabkan oleh berkurangnya personel atau penurunan biaya persediaan yang disebabkan oleh berkurangnya persediaan. Intangible Benefit (manfaat tak berwujud) lebih sulit diperkirakan. Manfaat tak berwujud misalnya pelayanan pelanggan yang lebih baik atau lebih cepat serta lebih akuratnya informasi untuk manajemen.</div>
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<b>Analisis Sistem</b><br />
Analisis sistem merupakan studi mendalam mengenai informasi yang dibutuhkan oleh pemakai akhir yang menghasilkan Functional Requirement (persyaratan fungsiona) yang digunakan sebagai dasar untuk desain sistem informasi baru. Analisis sistem secara tradisional melibatkan studi yang rinci mengenai:</div>
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<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Informasi yang dibutuhkan oleh perusahaan dan pemakai akhir seperti anda sendiri.</span></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Aktivitas, sumber daya, dan produk dari satu atau lebih sistem informasi yang saat ini digunakan.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kemampuan sistem informasi yang dibutuhkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan informasi anda, dan pemilik kepentingan bisnis lainnya yang mungkin menggunakan sistem ini.</span></span></div>
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<b>Desain Sistem</b><br />
System Analysis (analisis sistem) mendeskripsikan apa yang harus dilakukan oleh sistem untuk memenuhi kebutuhan informasi pemakai. System Design (desain sistem) menentukan bagaimana sistem akan memenuhi tuuan tersebut. Desain sistem terdiri dari aktivitas desain yang menghasilkan spesifikasi sistem yang memenuhi persyaratan fungsional yang dikembangkan dalam proses analisis sistem.</div>
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Cara yang berguna untuk melihat desain sistem diilustrasikan dalam Gambra berikut. Konsep ini berfokus pada tiga produk utama, atau deliverables yang harus dihasilkan dari tahap desain. Dalam kerangka kerja ini, desain sistem terdiri dari tiga aktivitas; interface pemakai, data, dan desain proses. Hal ini menghasilka spesifikasi yang sesuai dengan produk dan metode interface pemakai, struktur database, serta pemrosesan dan prosedur pengendalian.</div>
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<b>Pengembangan Pemakai Akhir</b><br />
Dalam siklus pengembangan sistem tradisional, anda berperan sebagai pemakai akhir bisnis, mirip seperti pelanggan atau klien. Biasanya, anda meinta sistem baru atau sistem yang lebih baik, menjawab pertanyaan tentang kebutuhan informasi spesifik Anda dan masalah pemrosesan informasi, dan menyediakan informasi mengenai sistem bisnis anda yang ada saat ini. Praktisi SI bekerja dengan anda untuk menganalisis masalah anda dan menyarankan solusi alternatif. Saat anda menyetujui elternatif terbaik, maka alternatif, maka alternatif itu didesain dan duterapkan. Di sini anda mungkin terlibat lagi dalam proses desain prototipe atau menjadi tim pengimplentasikan bersama dengan para ahli SI.</div>
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Akan tetapi, pada End User Development (pengembangan pemakai akhir), praktisi SI memainkan peran sebagai konsultan, sementar anda melakukan pengembangan aplikasi anda sendiri. Kadang-kadang staf dari konsultan pemakai siap membantu Anda dan pemakai akhir lainnya dalam usaha pengembangan aplikasi anda. Bantuan ini mungkin termasuk pelatihan penggunaan paket aplikasi; pemilihan hardware dan softare; dampingan untuk mendapat akses ke database organisasi; dan, tentu saja, dampingan dalam menganalisis, mendesain, dan mengimplementasikan aplikasi bisnis TI yang anda butuhkan.</div>
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<span style="color: lime;"><b>B.Mengimplementasikan Sistem Bisnis</b></span></div>
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<b>Mengimplementasikan Sistem Baru</b><br />
Gambar berikut mengilustrasikan bahwa tahap System Implementation (implementasi sistem) melibatkan pemerolehan hardware, dan software, pengembangan softare, pengujian program danprosedur, konversi sumber data, dan ebrbagai alternatif konversi. Hal ini juga melibatkan pendidikan dan pelatihn pemakai akhir dan para ahli yang akan menjalankan sistem yang baru tersebut.</div>
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Implemenatsi dapat menjadi proses yang sulit dan memerlukan banyak waktu. Akan tetapi, hal ini vital dalam memastikan kesuksesan sistem yang baru dikembangkan, karena meskipun sistem tersebut didesain dengan baik, sistem tersebut akan gagal jika tidak diimplementasikan dengan baik. Oleh sebab itu, proses implementasi biasanya memerlukan usaha Project Management dari para manajer unit bisnis. Mereka harus mendukung rencana proyek yang mencakup tanggung jawab kerja, jadwal tahap-tahap utama dari pengembangan, dan anggaran keuangan. Hal ini pentinguntuk memastikan bahwa proyek diselesaikan tepat waktu dan sesuai dengan anggaran yang ditetapkan, sambil tetap memenuhi tujuan desain.</div>
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<b>Mengelola Perubahan Organisasional</b><br />
Implementasi strategi bisnis/TI yang baru memerlukan pengelolaan pengaruh perubahan utama dalam dimensi organisasi kunci seperti proses bisnis, struktur organisasi, peran manajerial, penugasan kerja karyawan, dan hubungan di antara pemilik kepentingan yang muncul dari penyebaran sistem informasi bisnis yang baru. Gambar berikut menekankan jenis-jenis dan luasnya tantangan yang dilaporkan oleh 100 perusahaan yang mengembangkan dan mengimplemenatsikan portal informasi perusahaand an sistem ERP yang baru.</div>
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<b>Manajemen Perubahan</b><br />
Orang adalah fokus utama dari Change Management organisasi. Ini mencakup aktivitas seperti<br />
pengembangan cara yang inovatif untuk mengukur, memotivasi, dan memberi penghargaan atas<br />
kinerja.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li>Libatkan orang sebanyak mungkin dalam perencanaan bisnis/TI dan pengembangan aplikasi.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Buat perubahan konstan menjadi bagian yang diharapkan dari budaya.</li>
</ul>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li>Beritahukan ke setiap orang sebanyak mungkin mengenai segala sesuatu sesering mungkin, sebaiknya secara pribadi. </li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li>Berikan insentif keuangan dan pengakuan.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Bekerjalah di dalam budaya perusahan, bukan di sekitarnya.</li>
</ul>
Sumber : <<a href="http://adf.ly/QQiLP" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;"><b>PPT</b></span></a>><<a href="http://adf.ly/QQi9O" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;"><b>PDF</b></span></a><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><b>></b></span></span><br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01272380169843443848noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2538611872712451578.post-86992002207635166452013-06-07T00:27:00.000-07:002013-06-08T00:29:41.619-07:00Sistem Pendukung Kepututsan (Chapter 9)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b>A<span style="color: orange;">s</span><span style="color: yellow;">s</span><span style="color: lime;">a</span><span style="color: cyan;">l</span><span style="color: blue;">a</span><span style="color: purple;">m</span><span style="color: magenta;">u</span>a<span style="color: orange;">l</span><span style="color: yellow;">a</span><span style="color: lime;">i</span><span style="color: cyan;">k</span><span style="color: blue;">u</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span> W<span style="color: orange;">r</span><span style="color: blue;">.<span style="color: purple;">W</span><span style="color: magenta;">b.</span></span></b></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"></span></span></b></span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-h88XmMPxxCE/UbKxZExmKZI/AAAAAAAAApI/5ddq4QUdPbQ/s1600/DSS.GIF" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-h88XmMPxxCE/UbKxZExmKZI/AAAAAAAAApI/5ddq4QUdPbQ/s1600/DSS.GIF" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;"><b><span style="color: red;"><blink>Sistem Pendukung Keputusan</blink></span></b> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">adalah sistem berbasis komputer yang dirancang untuk mempertinggi efektifitas pengambilan keputusan dari masalah semi terstruktur.</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;"> <b>Proses Pengambilan Keputusan</b></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Pengambilan keputusan meliputi beberapa tahap dan melalui beberapa proses (Lucas, 1992). Menurut Simon (1960), pengambilan keputusan meliputi empat tahap yang saling berhubungan dan beruntun. Empat proses tersebut adalah :</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;"></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<ol>
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gF6T5lqy4fE/UbLLCetWtQI/AAAAAAAAApg/a5wnKuoIHss/s1600/1.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Intelligence<br />Tahap ini merupakan proses penelusuran dan pendeteksian dari lingkup problematika serta proses pengenalan masalah. Data masukan diperoleh, diproses, dan diuji dalam rangka mengidentifikasikan masalah.</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Design<br />Tahap ini merupakan proses menemukan dan mengembangkan alternatif. Tahap ini meliputi proses untuk mengerti masalah, menurunkan solusi dan menguji kelayakan solusi.</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Choice<br />Pada tahap ini dilakukan proses pemilihan diantara berbagai alternatif tindakan yang mungkin dijalankan. Tahap ini meliputi pencarian, evaluasi dan rekomendasi solusi yang sesuai untuk mode lyang telah dibuat. Solusi dari model merupakan nilai spesifik untuk variabel hasil pada alternatif yang dipilih.</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Implementation<br />Tahap Implementasi adalah tahap pelaksanaan dari keputusan yang telah diambil. Pada tahap ini perlu disusun serangkaian tindakan yang terencana, sehingga hasil keputusan dipantau dan disesuaikan apabila diperlukan perbaikan.<br /><br />Dalam hal ini, </span></span></span></span></span>model Simon juga menggambarkan kontribusi Sistem Informasi Manajemen (SIM) dan Ilmu Manajemen / Operations Research (IM/OR) terhadap proses pengambilan keputusan, seperti terlihat gambar d bawah :<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">
<img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gF6T5lqy4fE/UbLLCetWtQI/AAAAAAAAApg/a5wnKuoIHss/s1600/1.png" height="272" width="400" /></div>
<br />Berdasarkan pada keempat tahap di atas, jelas bahwa Pengolahan Data Elektronik (PDE) dan SIM mempunyai kontribusi dalam fase <i>Intelligence</i>, sedangkan IM/OR berperan penting dalam fase <i>Choice. </i>Tidak tampak pendukung yang berarti pada tahap <i>Design</i>, walupun pada kenyataannya fase ini merupakan salah satu kontribusi dasar dari suatu Sistem Pendukung Keputusan.<br /><br />Pengambilan keputusan adalah pemilihan beberapa tindakan alternatif yang ada untuk mencapai satu atau beberapa tujuan yang telah ditetapkan (Turban, 2005).<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Karakteristik Sistem Pendukung Keputusan</b><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Turban (2005) mengemukakan karakteristik dan kapabilitas kunci dari Sistem Pendukung Kepputusan adalah sebagai berikut (Gambar 4.2) :</div>
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</div>
</div>
</li>
<li style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">Dapat dilakukan sebagai alat <i>standalone </i>yang digunakan oleh seorang pengambil keputusan pada satu lokasi atau didistribusikan di satu organisasi keseluruhan dan di beberapa organisasi sepanjang rantai persediaan.</li>
<br />
<ol>
<li>Dukungan untuk pengambil keputusan, terutama pada situasi semi terstruktur dan tak terstruktur.</li>
<li>Dukungan untuk semua level manjerial, dari ekskutif puncak sampai manajer lini.</li>
<li>Dukungan untuk individu dan kelompok.</li>
<li>Dukungan untuk semua keputusan independen dan atau sekuensial.</li>
<li>Dukungan di semua fase proses pengambilan keputusan : inteligensi, desain, pilihan, dan implementasi.</li>
<li>Dukungan pada berbagai proses dan gaya pengambilan keputusan.</li>
<li>Kemampuan sistem beradaptasi dengan cepat dimana pengambil keputusan dapat menghadapi masalah - masalah baru dan pada saat yang sama dapat menanganinya dengan cara mengadaptasikan sistem terhadap kondisi - kondisi perubahan yang terjadi.</li>
<li>Pengguna merasa dirumah. <i>User-friendly, </i>kapabilitas grafis yang kuat, dan sebuah bahasa interaktif yang alami.</li>
<li>Peningkatan terhadap keefektifan pengambilan keputusan (akurasi, timelines, kualitas) dari pada efisiensi (biaya).</li>
<li>Pengambil keputusan mengontrol penuh semua langkah proses pengambilan keputusan dalam memecahkan masalah.</li>
<li>Pengguna akhir dapat mengembangkan dan memodifiikasi sistem sederhana.</li>
<li>Menggunakan model - model dalam penganalisisan situasi pengambilan keputusan.</li>
<li>Disediakannya akses untuk berbagai sumber data, format, dan tipe mulai dari sistem informasi geografis (GIS) sampai sistem berorientasi objek.<br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">
<img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-sBz0_TQH5ko/UbLV5YUzcsI/AAAAAAAAApw/6L97D5iO68I/s1600/1.png" height="227" width="320" /></div>
<br /><div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Komponen - Komponen Sistem Pendukung Keputusan</b><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Menurut Turban (2005), Sistem Pendukung Keputusan terdiri dari empat subsistem, yaitu :<br />
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<ol>
<li>Manajemen Data, meliputi basis data yang berisi data - data yang relevan dengan keadaan dan dikelola oleh perangkat lunak yang disebut dengan <i>Database Management System </i>(DBMS).</li>
<li>Manajemen Model berupa sebuah paket perangkat lunak yang berisi model - model finansial, statistik, management science, atau model kuantitatif, yang menyediakan kemampuan analisa dan perangkat lunak manjemen yang sesuai.</li>
<li>https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2538611872712451578#editor/target=post;postID=8699200220763516645Subsistem Dialog atau Komunikasi, merupakan subsistem yang dipakai oleh user untuk berkomunikasi dan memberi perintah (menyediakan user interface).</li>
<li>Manajemen Knowledge yang mendukung subsistem lain atau berlaku sebagai komponen yang berdiri sendiri.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2Ch48e0wI8Q/UbLZ4o6cIrI/AAAAAAAAAqA/H2r2MPposlg/s1600/1.png" height="161" width="320" /><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li>Subsistem Manajemen Data</li>
<li>Subsistem Manajemen Model</li>
<li>Subsistem Dialog</li>
<li>Subsistem Manajemen Knowledge</li>
</ul>
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</li>
</ol>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01272380169843443848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2538611872712451578.post-81688749137969203402013-05-24T20:34:00.000-07:002013-05-25T21:14:51.363-07:00Sistem Perdagangan Elektronik (Chapter 8)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b>A<span style="color: orange;">s</span><span style="color: yellow;">s</span><span style="color: lime;">a</span><span style="color: cyan;">l</span><span style="color: blue;">a</span><span style="color: purple;">m</span><span style="color: magenta;">u</span>a<span style="color: orange;">l</span><span style="color: yellow;">a</span><span style="color: lime;">i</span><span style="color: cyan;">k</span><span style="color: blue;">u</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span> W<span style="color: orange;">r</span><span style="color: blue;">.<span style="color: purple;">W</span><span style="color: magenta;">b.</span></span></b></span></span><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0qHykGW1qmA/UaFftV1OYpI/AAAAAAAAAoY/OU20q4ehpko/s1600/gambar+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="157" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0qHykGW1qmA/UaFftV1OYpI/AAAAAAAAAoY/OU20q4ehpko/s320/gambar+1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: red;"><blink>Sistem Perdagangan Elektronik</blink>,<span style="color: magenta;"> </span></span></span></span></b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Perdagangan melalui jaringan elektronik atau e-commerce didefinisikan sebagai aktifitas perdagangan melalui jaringan elektronik dengan menggunakan perangkat komputer. E-commerce melibatkan lebih dari satu perusahaan, dan dapat diaplikasikan hampir disetiap jenis hubungan bisnis.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">E-commerce mengizinkan produsen untuk menjual produk-produk dan jasa secara online. Calon pelanggan atau konsumen dapat menemukan website produsen<b>, </b>membaca dan melihat produk-produk memesan dan membayar produk-produk secara online.</span></span></span></span></span><b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"></span></span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><br /></span></span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Ruang Lingkup E-Commerce</span></span></span></b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Berdasarkan ruang lingkupnya, merupakan bagian dari elektronik business seperti digambarkan ada gambar berikut : </span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-sLiT_lv72co/UaFwg7MIvKI/AAAAAAAAAok/jdTtD29-N8s/s1600/gambar+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="154" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-sLiT_lv72co/UaFwg7MIvKI/AAAAAAAAAok/jdTtD29-N8s/s320/gambar+3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">ELECTRONIC BUSINESS</span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;">Merupakan lingkup aktivitas perdagangan secara elektronik dalam arti luas serta terpenting dan terbesar dari e-business adalah ecommerce, dimana berbagai aktivitas transaksi jual beli</span><b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"> </span></span></b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">dilakukan melalui medium internet. Karena sangat lebarnya spektrum proses dan transaksi jual beli yang ada, sangat sulit menentukan ruang lingkup atau batasan dari domain ecommerce. Salah satu cara yang dapat dipergunakan untuk dapat mengerti batasan-batasan dari sebuah e-commerce adalah dengan mencoba mengkaji dan melihat fenomena bisnis tersebut dari berbagai dimensi, yaitu :</span></span></span></span></span></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Teknologi</span></span></span></span></span><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Kontributor terbesar yang memungkinkan terjadinya e-commerce adalah teknologi informasi, dalam ha ini perkembangan pesat teknologi komputer dan telekomunikasi. Tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa arena jual beli di dunia maya terbentuk karena terhubungnya berjuta-juta komputer ke dalam sebuah jaringan raksasa (internet)</span>.</span></span></span></span></div>
</li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Marketing dan "New Cunsumer Processes"</span></span></span></span></span><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Dari segi pemasaran, e-commerce sering dilihat sebagai sebuah kanal atau cara baru untuk berhubungan dengan pelanggan. Melalui e-commerce jangkauan sebuah perusahaan menjadi semakin luas karena yang bersangkutan dapat memasarkan produk dan jasanya ke seluruh dunia tanpa memperhatikan batasan-batasan geografis.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
</li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Electronic Linkage</span></span></span></span></span><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Dengan adanya ecommerce, maka dua buah divisi dapat bekerja sama secara efisien melalui pertukaran data elektronis; demikian juga antara dua buah kelompok berbeda seerti misalnya antara kantor pemerintah dengan masyarakatnya; atau mungkin antara pelanggan dengan perusahaan-perusahaan tertentu.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
</li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Market-Making</span></span></span></span></span><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">E-commerce dikatakan sebagai market-making karena keberadaannya secara langsung telah membentuk sebuah pasar perdagangan tersendiri yang mempertemukan berjuta-juta penjual dan pembeli di sebuah pasar digital maya (e-market). Di pasar maya ini terjadi perdagangan secara terbuka dan bebas, karena masing-masing penjual dan pembeli dapat bertemu secara efisien tanpa perantara.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
</li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Service Infrastructure</span></span></span></span></span><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Konsep e-commerce ternyata tidak hanya membuahkan mekanisme transaksi jual beli semata, namun ternyata banyak sekali jasa-jasa baru yang diperlukan sebagai sarana pendukung aktivitas jual beli produk tersebut.<span style="color: magenta;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">ELEKTRONIK COMMERCE</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Merupakan lingkup perdagangan yang dilakukan secara elektronik dimana didalamnya termasuk :</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Perdagangan via internet</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Perdagangan dengan fasilitas web internet (internet commerce)</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Perdagangan dengan system pertukaran data terstruktur secara elektronik (Elektronik Data Interchange/EDI)</span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;"><b>Pentingnya E-Commerce</b></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li>Orang yang ingin membeli barang atau hanya melakukan transaksi lewat internet.</li>
<li>Membutuhkan akses internet dengan interfacenya menggunakan web browser menjadikan portal e-commerce / e-shop tidak sekedar portal belanja, tapi menjadi tempat berkumpulnya komunitas dengan membangun basis komunitas, membangun konsep pasar bukan sekedar tempat jual beli.</li>
<li>Sebagai pusat informasi, pengelolaan yang berorientasi pada pelayanan, kombinasi konsepsi pelayanan konvensional dan virtual.</li>
<li>Informasi yang up to date, komunikasi multi-arah yang dinamis</li>
<li>Model pembayaran : kartu kredit atau transfer</li>
</ul>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Proses Pembayaran Elektronik</b></div>
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Mekanisme transaksi elektronik dengan e-commerce dimulai dengan adanya penawaran suatu produk tertentu oleh penjual di sautu website melalui server yang berada di Indonesia<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;"></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;"></span></span></span></span></span>. Apabila konsumen indonesia melakukan pembelian, maka konsumen tersebut akan mengisi order mail yang telah disediakan oleh pihak penjual.</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-gEuGmJYQzu0/UaGBvCTxwII/AAAAAAAAAow/eK4oYPK-nEM/s1600/gambar+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="195" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-gEuGmJYQzu0/UaGBvCTxwII/AAAAAAAAAow/eK4oYPK-nEM/s200/gambar+2.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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Downlnoad Sumber : <<a href="http://adf.ly/PVhxA" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;"><b>Chapter 8</b></span></a>><<a href="http://adf.ly/PYowf" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;"><b>SPE</b></span></a>><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b>W<span style="color: orange;">a</span><span style="color: yellow;">ss</span><span style="color: lime;">a</span><span style="color: cyan;">l</span><span style="color: blue;">a</span><span style="color: purple;">m</span><span style="color: magenta;">u</span>a<span style="color: orange;">l</span><span style="color: yellow;">a</span><span style="color: lime;">i</span><span style="color: cyan;">k</span><span style="color: blue;">u</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span> W<span style="color: orange;">r</span><span style="color: blue;">.<span style="color: purple;">W</span><span style="color: magenta;">b.</span></span></b></span></span> </div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01272380169843443848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2538611872712451578.post-42391078420705912032013-05-16T19:33:00.000-07:002013-05-24T20:32:45.032-07:00Sistem Bisnis Elektronik (Chapter 7)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b>A<span style="color: orange;">s</span><span style="color: yellow;">s</span><span style="color: lime;">a</span><span style="color: cyan;">l</span><span style="color: blue;">a</span><span style="color: purple;">m</span><span style="color: magenta;">u</span>a<span style="color: orange;">l</span><span style="color: yellow;">a</span><span style="color: lime;">i</span><span style="color: cyan;">k</span><span style="color: blue;">u</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span> W<span style="color: orange;">r</span><span style="color: blue;">.<span style="color: purple;">W</span><span style="color: magenta;">b.</span></span></b></span></span><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-D43yVfPbQnY/UaATTdMAe-I/AAAAAAAAAoA/aAo9HPeyQHo/s1600/sbe.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="232" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-D43yVfPbQnY/UaATTdMAe-I/AAAAAAAAAoA/aAo9HPeyQHo/s320/sbe.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: red;"><b><blink>Sistem Bisnis Elektronik</blink></b></span>, Saat ini dunia perdagangan tidak lagi dibatasi dengan ruang dan waktu. Mobilitas manusia yang tinggi menuntut dunia perdagangan mampu menyediakan layanan jasa dan barang dengan instan sesuai dengan permintaan konsumen melalui media internet. Transaksi media internet ini dikenal dengan Bisnis Elektronik atau E-Business.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">E-Bisnis dapat diterjemahkan sebagai kegiatan bisnis yang dilakukan secara otomatis dan semiotomatis dengan menggunakan sistem informasi komputer. Istilah yang pertama kali diperkenalkan oleh Lou Gerstner, seorang CEO perusahaan IBM ini, sekarang merupakan bentuk kegiatan bisnis yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknologi Internet.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;"></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;"><b>PENGERTIAN SISTEM BISNIS ENTERPRISE</b></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;"><b> </b>Sistem Bisnis Enterprise adalah sistem informasi yang diperuntukkan bag perusahaan seperti perusahaan di bidang manufaktur maupun jasa yang berperan untuk mengintegrasikan dan mengotomatisasikan proses bisnis yang berhubungan dengan aspek operasi, produksi maupun distribusi di perusahaan yang bersangkutan. Ini berarti bahwa sistem ini nantinya akan membantu mengontrol aktivitas bisnis seperti penjualan, pengiriman, produksi, manajemen persediaan, manajemen kualitas dan sumber daya manusia.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;"><b>APLIKASI CROSS-FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM</b></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Cross-Functional Enterprise System adalah sistem informasi yang melintas batas berbagai area fungsional suatu bisnis agar dapat mengintegrasikan serta mengotomatisasikan proses bisnis.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Salah satu aplikasi </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">dari Cross-Functional Enterprise System adalah Costumer Relationship Management (CRM). CRM adalah aplikasi yang mengintegrasikan dan mengotomatisasikan berbagai proses pelayanan pelanggan dalam penjualan, pemasaran langsung, account and order management, dukungan dan pelayanan pelanggan.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;"><b>INTEGRASI APLIKASI ENTERPRISE</b></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;"><b>(Enterprise Application Integration, EAI) </b></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;"><br />Integrasi Aplikasi Enterprise adalah perangkat lunak/software yang menggunakan prinsip-prinsip arsitektur sistem komputer untuk satu set komputer aplikasi dalam suatu perusahaan.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;"><b>SISTEM BISNIS FUNGSIONAL</b></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Adalah system informasi yang ditujukan untuk memberikan informasi yang berkaitan dengan bisnis perusahaan kepada kelompok orang yang berada pada bagian tertentu dalam perusahaan<b>.</b></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;"><b> MANFAAT BISNIS ELEKTRONIK</b></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;"><b>1. Bagi Orgaisasi</b></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Memperluas Pasar</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Menekan Biaya Kertas</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Terwujudnya Spesialis Bisnis</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Menekan Biaya Sediaan dan Produksi</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Dapat Menerapkan Konstumisasi Produk</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Menekan Waktu Pembayaran dan Penerimaan Produk</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Meningkatan Produktivitas</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Menekan Biaya Telekomunikasi</span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<b>2. Bagi Konsumen</b><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Kesempatan Transaksi Lebih Luas dan Tak Kenal Waktu</li>
<li>Memberikan Pilihan Produk dan Pemasok Lebih Banyak</li>
<li>Memungkinkan<b> </b> Memperoleh Produk Lebih Murah</li>
<li>Pengiriman Lebih Cepat (Real Time)</li>
<li>Memperoleh Informasi Produk Lebih Cepat</li>
<li>Memungkinkan Pelanggan Dapat Berinteraksi</li>
</ul>
<b>3. Bagi Masyarakat Luas</b><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Memungkinkan Berbisnis Dari Rumah</li>
<li>Beberapa Barang Bisa Dijual Lebih Murah</li>
<li>Memperoleh Layanan yang Mudah untuk Diwujudkan</li>
<li>Penyampaian Jasa Publik Dapat Dinikmati Masyarakat<b> </b></li>
</ul>
Download Sumber : <<a href="http://adf.ly/PVhZl" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: blue;">Chapter 7</span></b></a>><<a href="http://adf.ly/PVhVj" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: blue;">SBE</span></b></a>><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b>W<span style="color: orange;">a</span><span style="color: yellow;">ss</span><span style="color: lime;">a</span><span style="color: cyan;">l</span><span style="color: blue;">a</span><span style="color: purple;">m</span><span style="color: magenta;">u</span>a<span style="color: orange;">l</span><span style="color: yellow;">a</span><span style="color: lime;">i</span><span style="color: cyan;">k</span><span style="color: blue;">u</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span> W<span style="color: orange;">r</span><span style="color: blue;">.<span style="color: purple;">W</span><span style="color: magenta;">b.</span></span></b></span></span> </div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01272380169843443848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2538611872712451578.post-25510577947006526832013-05-10T02:42:00.000-07:002013-05-16T02:44:39.932-07:00Telekomunikasi dan Jaringan (Chapter 6)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b>A<span style="color: orange;">s</span><span style="color: yellow;">s</span><span style="color: lime;">a</span><span style="color: cyan;">l</span><span style="color: blue;">a</span><span style="color: purple;">m</span><span style="color: magenta;">u</span>a<span style="color: orange;">l</span><span style="color: yellow;">a</span><span style="color: lime;">i</span><span style="color: cyan;">k</span><span style="color: blue;">u</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span> W<span style="color: orange;">r</span><span style="color: blue;">.<span style="color: purple;">W</span><span style="color: magenta;">b.</span></span></b></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/--Fni5gGMqUE/UZI0EERpjxI/AAAAAAAAAmc/tUgZXrfh5XA/s1600/Cover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/--Fni5gGMqUE/UZI0EERpjxI/AAAAAAAAAmc/tUgZXrfh5XA/s320/Cover.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;"><b><span style="color: red;"><blink>Telekomunikasi dan Jaringan<nblink></nblink></blink></span></b>, sebelum kita membahas tentang telekomunikasi jaringan lebih mendalam, hendaknya kita harus memahami pengertian dari dua kata tersebut.</span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;"><b>Telekomunikasi</b>
adalah setiap pemancaran, pengiriman, dan atau penerimaan dari setiap
informasi dalam bentuk tanda-tanda, isyarat, tulisan, gambar, suara, dan
bunyi melalui sistem kawat, optik, radio atau sistem elektromagnetik
lainnya.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><b>Jaringan komputer</b> (jaringan) adalah sebuah sistem yang terdiri atas komputer-komputer
yang didesain untuk dapat berbagi sumber daya (printer, CPU),
berkomunikasi (surel, pesan instan), dan dapat mengakses
informasi(peramban web). Tujuan dari jaringan komputer adalah agar dapat mencapai tujuannya, setiap bagian dari jaringan komputer dapat meminta dan memberikan layanan (<i>service</i>). Pihak yang meminta/menerima layanan disebut klien (<i>client</i>) dan yang memberikan/mengirim layanan disebut peladen (<i>server</i>). Desain ini disebut dengan sistem client-server, dan digunakan pada hampir seluruh aplikasi jaringan komputer.<br />
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<b> Tren Dalam Telekomunikasi Bisnis</b></div>
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<b>Tren Industri</b></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">•<span style="color: black;"> Pasar</span><span style="color: black;"> yang </span><span style="color: black;">dimonopoli</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">oleh</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">pemerintah</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">beralih</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">ke</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">pasar</span><span style="color: black;"> yang </span><span style="color: black;">dipenuhi</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dengan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">pemasok</span><span style="color: black;"> yang<span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span><span style="color: black;">bersaing</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">ketat</span><span style="color: black;">
</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">•<span style="color: black;">Penawaran</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">jasa</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">telekomunikasi</span><span style="color: black;"> yang </span><span style="color: black;">beragam</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">mulai</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dari</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">jasa</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">telepon</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">lokal</span><span style="color: black;"> & global </span><span style="color: black;">sampai</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">saluran</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">satelit</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">telekomunikasi</span><span style="color: black;">, radio </span><span style="color: black;">bergerak</span><span style="color: black;">, TV </span><span style="color: black;">kabel</span><span style="color: black;">, </span><span style="color: black;">jasa</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">telepon</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">seluler</span><span style="color: black;">, </span><span style="color: black;">dan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">akses</span><span style="color: black;"> internet</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">•<span style="color: black;">Pertumbuhan</span><span style="color: black;"> yang </span><span style="color: black;">pesat</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dari</span><span style="color: black;"> Internet </span><span style="color: black;">dan</span><span style="color: black;"> World Wide Web </span><span style="color: black;">menimbulkan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">berbagai</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">produk</span><span style="color: black;">, </span><span style="color: black;">jasa</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">penyedia</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">telekomunikasi</span><span style="color: black;"></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">•<span style="color: black;">Perusahaan </span><span style="color: black;">meningkatkan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">penggunaan</span><span style="color: black;"> Internet </span><span style="color: black;">dan</span><span style="color: black;"> Web </span><span style="color: black;">untuk</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">kerja</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">sama</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">perdagangan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">secara</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">elektronik</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 32.0pt; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea;">
</span><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span>
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<b>Tren Teknologi</b></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Perubahan</span><span style="color: black;"> yang </span><span style="color: black;">cepat</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dari</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">teknologi</span><span style="color: black;"> analog </span><span style="color: black;">ke</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">teknologi</span><span style="color: black;"> digital </span><span style="color: black;">mengakibatkan</span><span style="color: black;">:</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">1.<span style="color: black;">Kecepatan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">transmisi</span><span style="color: black;"> yang </span><span style="color: black;">secara</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">signifikan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">lebih</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">besar</span><span style="color: black;">
</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">2.<span style="color: black;">Pergerakan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">informasi</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dalam</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">jumlah</span><span style="color: black;"> yang </span><span style="color: black;">lebih</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">besar</span><span style="color: black;">
</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">3.<span style="color: black;">Ekonomi</span><span style="color: black;"> yang </span><span style="color: black;">lebih</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">besar</span><span style="color: black;">
</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">4.<span style="color: black;">Tingkat </span><span style="color: black;">kesalahan</span><span style="color: black;"> yang </span><span style="color: black;">lebih</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">rendah</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dari</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">teknologi</span><span style="color: black;"></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Perubahan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dari</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">ketergantungan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">pada</span><span style="color: black;"> media </span><span style="color: black;">berbasis</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">kawat</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">tembaga</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">sistem</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">penerimaan</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span><span style="color: black;">gelombang</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">pendek</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">berbasis</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">tanah</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">ke</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">jalur</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">serat-optik</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">selular</span><span style="color: black;">, PCS, </span><span style="color: black;">satelit</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">komunikasi</span><span style="color: black;">, </span><span style="color: black;">dan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">teknologi</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">nirkabel</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">lainnya</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><b>Tren<span style="font-size: small;"> Aplikasi</span></b> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 32.0pt; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: +mn-cs; mso-color-index: 1; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea;"> </span> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Saat</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">ini</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">jaringan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">telekomunikasi</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">memainkan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">peran</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">penting</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">meluas</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dalam</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">proses</span><span style="color: black;"> e-business </span><span style="color: black;">berbasis</span><span style="color: black;"> Web, e-commerce, </span><span style="color: black;">kerjasama</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">perusahaan</span><span style="color: black;">, </span><span style="color: black;">dan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">aplikasi</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">bisnis</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">lainnya</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">yg</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">mendukung</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">tujuan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">strategis</span><span style="color: black;">, </span><span style="color: black;">manajemen</span><span style="color: black;"> & </span><span style="color: black;">operasional</span><span style="color: black;">, </span><span style="color: black;">baik</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">di</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">perusahaan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">besar</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">maupun</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">di</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">perusahaan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">kecil</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><b>Nilai Bisnis Jaringan Telekomunikasi</b></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><b>Nil<span style="font-size: small;">ai Bisnis Internet</span></b></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">=> </span><span style="color: black;">Perusahaan </span><span style="color: black;">membangun</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">situs</span><span style="color: black;"> Web e-business & e-commerce </span><span style="color: black;">utk</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">mencapai</span><span style="color: black;"> 6 </span><span style="color: black;">nilai</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">bisnis</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">utama</span><span style="color: black;">:</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Menghasilkan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">pendapatan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">baru</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dari</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">penjualan</span><span style="color: black;"> online</span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Mengurangi</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">biaya</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">transaksi</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">melalui</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">penjualan</span><span style="color: black;"> online </span><span style="color: black;">dan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dukungan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">pelanggan</span><span style="color: black;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Menarik</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">pelanggan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">baru</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">melalui</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">iklan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">pemasaran</span><span style="color: black;"> Web </span><span style="color: black;">serta</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">penjualan</span><span style="color: black;"> online</span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Meningkatkan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">loyalitas</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">pelanggan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">saat</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">ini</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">melalui</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">perbaikan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dukungan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">layanan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">pelanggan</span><span style="color: black;"> web</span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Mengembangkan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">pasar</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">baru</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">berbasis</span><span style="color: black;"> Web </span><span style="color: black;">dan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">saluran</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">distribusi</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">utk</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">produk</span><span style="color: black;"> yang </span><span style="color: black;">ada</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">saat</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">ini</span><span style="color: black;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Mengembangkan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">produk</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">baru</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">berbasis</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">informasi</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">yg</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dpt</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">diakses</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">di</span><span style="color: black;"> Web</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">
</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">=> <span style="color: black;">Komunikasi</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Kolaborasi</span><span style="color: black;">
</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Menggunakan</span><span style="color: black;"> email,
voicemail, </span><span style="color: black;">penyentara</span><span style="color: black;">, & fax </span><span style="color: black;">utk</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">bertukar</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">informasi</span><span style="color: black;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
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</div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">=> <span style="color: black;">Publikasi</span><span style="color: black;"> Web</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Mempublikasikan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">informasi</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">produk</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">melalui</span><span style="color: black;"> newsletter, </span><span style="color: black;">gambar</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">teknis</span><span style="color: black;">, </span><span style="color: black;">dan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">katalog</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">produk</span><span style="color: black;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
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</div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">=> <span style="color: black;">Manajemen</span><span style="color: black;"> & </span><span style="color: black;">Operasional</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Bisnis</span><span style="color: black;">
</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Mengembangkan</span><span style="color: black;"> & </span><span style="color: black;">menyebarkan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">aplikasi</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">bisnis</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">yg</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">penting</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">utk</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">mendukung</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">operasional</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">bisnis</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">pengambilan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">keputusan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">manajerial</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 24.0pt; language: en-US; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-color-index: 1;">
</span><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><b>Komponen Jarin<span style="font-size: small;">gan Telekomunikasi</span></b> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">•<span style="color: black;">Terminal</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">–<span style="color: black;">Telepon</span><span style="color: black;"> & </span><span style="color: black;">berbagai</span><span style="color: black;"> terminal </span><span style="color: black;">komputer</span><span style="color: black;">
</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">•<span style="color: black;">Prosesor</span><span style="color: black;"> Telekomunikasi</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">–<span style="color: black;">Modem, router, </span><span style="color: black;">dll</span><span style="color: black;">
</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">•<span style="color: black;">Saluran</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Komunikasi</span><span style="color: black;">
</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">–<span style="color: black;">Leased line, frame relay, ISDN, </span><span style="color: black;">dll</span><span style="color: black;">
</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">•<span style="color: black;">Komputer</span><span style="color: black;">
</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">–<span style="color: black;">PC, notebook</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">•<span style="color: black;">Software </span><span style="color: black;">Pengendalian</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">telekomunikasi</span><span style="color: black;">
</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">–<span style="color: black;">Software </span><span style="color: black;">manajemen</span><span style="color: black;"> network,
browser Web</span></span></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Jenis - Jenis Jaringan Telekomunikasi</b></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">•<span style="color: black;">Wide Area Network (WAN)</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">•<span style="color: black;">Local Area Network (LAN)</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">•<span style="color: black;">Virtual Private Network (VPN)</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">•<span style="color: black;">Client/Server</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">•<span style="color: black;">Peer-to-peer</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Download PPT : <<a href="http://adf.ly/P6zWd" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Chapter 6</span></a>><<a href="http://adf.ly/P704x" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Telekomunikasi & Jaringan</span></a>></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
Sumber : <<a href="http://adf.ly/P6nYX" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Noviaasti</span></a>><<a href="http://adf.ly/P6nVH" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Wikipedia</span></a>><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b>W<span style="color: orange;">a</span><span style="color: yellow;">ss</span><span style="color: lime;">a</span><span style="color: cyan;">l</span><span style="color: blue;">a</span><span style="color: purple;">m</span><span style="color: magenta;">u</span>a<span style="color: orange;">l</span><span style="color: yellow;">a</span><span style="color: lime;">i</span><span style="color: cyan;">k</span><span style="color: blue;">u</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span> W<span style="color: orange;">r</span><span style="color: blue;">.<span style="color: purple;">W</span><span style="color: magenta;">b.</span></span></b></span></span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01272380169843443848noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2538611872712451578.post-66323849346956395562013-04-18T08:12:00.000-07:002013-04-22T00:53:31.366-07:00Tutorial Membuat Tabel Database<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b>A<span style="color: orange;">s</span><span style="color: yellow;">s</span><span style="color: lime;">a</span><span style="color: cyan;">l</span><span style="color: blue;">a</span><span style="color: purple;">m</span><span style="color: magenta;">u</span>a<span style="color: orange;">l</span><span style="color: yellow;">a</span><span style="color: lime;">i</span><span style="color: cyan;">k</span><span style="color: blue;">u</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span> W<span style="color: orange;">r</span><span style="color: blue;">.<span style="color: purple;">W</span><span style="color: magenta;">b.</span></span></b></span></span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rFW1bstjBcE/UXQDv-zdXkI/AAAAAAAAAkk/QjyMOUFGhIQ/s1600/Cover.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="104" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rFW1bstjBcE/UXQDv-zdXkI/AAAAAAAAAkk/QjyMOUFGhIQ/s320/Cover.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;"><b style="color: red;"><blink>Cara Membuat Tabel Database Di MySQL</blink></b>, Untuk membuat tabel database, memerlukan MySQL dan XAMPP (Penghubung MySQL<b>), </b>Kemudian buka aplikasi MySQL, "Klik New" sebagai contoh isi saja dengan "Coba" kemudia "Connect"-an, klik Kanan pada panel kiri "Create Database", nama database isi saja dengan "Tugas Sistem Informasi" seperti gambar dibawah :</span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UIKUIVfyqHM/UXP8-JcoOSI/AAAAAAAAAj8/aAmej4PMhEU/s1600/Gambar+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="140" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UIKUIVfyqHM/UXP8-JcoOSI/AAAAAAAAAj8/aAmej4PMhEU/s320/Gambar+1.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Klik Gambar Untuk Memperbesar</span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br /></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
Setelah membuat database baru, pilih database tersebut, lalu klik kanan pada "Table", "Create Table". Kemudian, kita akan diberi halaman seperti gambar di bawah. Disini kita menentukan Nama-Nama Field, Datatype, Panjangnya (Bila Ada), dan setting attribut lain seperti null, primary, index, dan sebagainya.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2aPyKYzlzb8/UXP-ee_qFzI/AAAAAAAAAkE/mxTYpBRrDP4/s1600/Gambar+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="60" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2aPyKYzlzb8/UXP-ee_qFzI/AAAAAAAAAkE/mxTYpBRrDP4/s320/Gambar+2.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Klik Gambar Untuk Memperbesar</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Setelah menentukan Nama Field dan sebagainya sesuai yang diinginkan, Klik "Create Table". Kemudian cara mengisi tabel tersebut, cukup mudah yaitu dengan memilih tabel (Pada Panel Kiri) yang ingin di input suatu data, lalu mengisi sesuai data yang akan diisikan oleh user. Setiap mengisi atau merubah tabel lakukan penyimpanan, Klik pada "Icon Save" diatas Tabel. Seperti Gambar:<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-IVF7oA02zp4/UXQAArVwUWI/AAAAAAAAAkM/dYEqJD6rLzU/s1600/Gambar+3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="32" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-IVF7oA02zp4/UXQAArVwUWI/AAAAAAAAAkM/dYEqJD6rLzU/s320/Gambar+3.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Klik Gambar Untuk Memperbesar</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Setelah semua data dimasukkan akan menjadi seperti gambar di bawah dan database tersebut akan secara otomatis masuk dalam Penghubung MySQL (XAMPP) :<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-df-dKgBd22Y/UXQApUt0ArI/AAAAAAAAAkU/lANs9UxsxH8/s1600/Gambar+4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="118" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-df-dKgBd22Y/UXQApUt0ArI/AAAAAAAAAkU/lANs9UxsxH8/s320/Gambar+4.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Klik Gambar Untuk Memperbesar</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZhUumbnkRNI/UXQBUrSsthI/AAAAAAAAAkc/7uPyoJafbNQ/s1600/Gambar+5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="171" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZhUumbnkRNI/UXQBUrSsthI/AAAAAAAAAkc/7uPyoJafbNQ/s320/Gambar+5.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Klik Gambar Untuk Memperbesar</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Download Tutorial (PDF) <<a href="http://adf.ly/NQvCm" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: orange;">4shared</span></b></a>><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b>W<span style="color: orange;">a</span><span style="color: yellow;">ss</span><span style="color: lime;">a</span><span style="color: cyan;">l</span><span style="color: blue;">a</span><span style="color: purple;">m</span><span style="color: magenta;">u</span>a<span style="color: orange;">l</span><span style="color: yellow;">a</span><span style="color: lime;">i</span><span style="color: cyan;">k</span><span style="color: blue;">u</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span> W<span style="color: orange;">r</span><span style="color: blue;">.<span style="color: purple;">W</span><span style="color: magenta;">b.</span></span></b></span></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01272380169843443848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2538611872712451578.post-12776039170507453232013-04-05T00:05:00.002-07:002013-04-05T00:05:20.381-07:00Data Sumber Daya Manajemen (Chapter 5)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b>A<span style="color: orange;">s</span><span style="color: yellow;">s</span><span style="color: lime;">a</span><span style="color: cyan;">l</span><span style="color: blue;">a</span><span style="color: purple;">m</span><span style="color: magenta;">u</span>a<span style="color: orange;">l</span><span style="color: yellow;">a</span><span style="color: lime;">i</span><span style="color: cyan;">k</span><span style="color: blue;">u</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span> W<span style="color: orange;">r</span><span style="color: blue;">.<span style="color: purple;">W</span><span style="color: magenta;">b.</span></span></b></span></span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">=> Konsep Data</span> <span style="color: black;"><=</span></span></span></b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></span></b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Area atau Data Item : Pengelompokan karakter yang terkait.</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Merupakan sebuah atribut (Karakteristik atau Kualitas) beberapa kesatuan (Objek, Orang, tempat atau peristiwa)</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="color: black;">Contoh : Gaji</span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<li>Rekaman : Pengelompokan semua bidang yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan atribut dari suatu kesatuan.</li>
<ul>
<li>Contoh : Catatan penggajian dengan nama, SSN dan tingkat upah.</li>
</ul>
<li>File atau Table : Kelompok yang saling berhubungan.</li>
<li>Database : Hubungan koleksi dari logika dan data element.</li>
</ul>
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<a name='more'></a><br />
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=> <b>Struktur Database</b> <=</div>
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<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><b> Pengertian Database</b></span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Data base adalah suatu koleksi data computer yang
terintegrasi, diorganisasikan dan disimpan dengan cara yang memudahkan
pengambilan kembali. DASD (medium file master yang baik) harus digunakan.
Tujuan utama dari konsep database adalah meminimumkan pengulangan data dan
mencapai independensi. Pengulangan data (data redundancy ) adalah duplikasi
data artinya data yang sama disimpan dalan beberapa file. Independensi data
adalah kemampuan untuk membuat perubahan dalan struktur data tanpa membuat
perubahan pada program yang memproses data. Independensi data dicapai dengan
menempatkan spesifikasi data dalam label dan kamus yang terpidah secara fisik
dari program. Program mengacu pada tabel untuk mengakses data. Perubahan pada
struktur data hanya dilakukan sekali yaitu dalam tabel.</span></div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><b>Bentuk-Bentuk Database</b></li>
</ul>
<br />
1. <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Database</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3q1Afam3r-I/UV5tHd4iDOI/AAAAAAAAAi0/Q7q_U7ZvMhs/s1600/sad.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3q1Afam3r-I/UV5tHd4iDOI/AAAAAAAAAi0/Q7q_U7ZvMhs/s1600/sad.jpg" /></a></div>
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digunakan untuk jaringan komunikasi data yang berupa hierarchi/tree. Dasar
hierarchi Database berusaha untuk menggambar realita dalam sebuah organisasi
kebentuk data komputer.</span></div>
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DB dibuat karena jaringan komunikasi memiliki topology Mesh, shg membutuhkan
bentuk ini. Network Data Base memiliki struktur file yang sama, sehingga file
yang satu dapat mengetahui / mendapatkan informasi file yang lain dengan benar.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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Database</span></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wYdXnBmcfTg/UV5y_92G6cI/AAAAAAAAAjM/0gMTFnL8wGk/s1600/asl,.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wYdXnBmcfTg/UV5y_92G6cI/AAAAAAAAAjM/0gMTFnL8wGk/s1600/asl,.jpg" /></a></div>
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yang paking Fleksibel dan terbuka. Biasanya digunakan pada local saja.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></div>
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data dan information extrated dari operational yang diseleksi dan external DB.
Meliputi data dan informasi yang banyak dibutuhkan oleh manajer organisasi dan
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pusat data sentral yang ditampilkan dan diintegrasikan sehingga dapat digunakan
oleh manajer dan user professional untuk macam-macam analisis bisnis,
penelitian pasar dan decision support.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Komponen
Data Base :</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">File data base</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> : memiliki elemen-elemen data
yang disimpan dalam salah satu format organisasi file data base.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">DBMS</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> : suatu kelompok program
software yang mengelola DB, mengontrol akses terhadap DB, menjaga
pengamanan DB dan melakukan tugas-tugas lain.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sistem Antar-Muka Bahasa Induk</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> (A Host Language Interfice
system)<br />
Bagian dari DBMS yang berkomunikasi dengan program aplikasi, menafsirkan
intruksi dan bahasa tingkat tinggi aplikasi.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Program Aplikasi</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sebuah <b>sistem Antar muka
Bahasa Alami </b>( A Natural Language Interface system)<br />
Suatu bahasa pertanyaan (query language) yang memungkinkan pemakai untuk
mendapatkan keterangan tentang apa saja yang tersedua pada system
komputer.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kamus Data </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">(data dictionary)<br />
Pusat penyimpanan infomasi data-data dari DB yang memuat skema DB, yang
mana nama dari setiap item dalam DB serta deskripsi dan definisi atribut-atributnya
yang merujuk pada data standar.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Terminal Pengaksesan dan
pemutakhiran yang online<br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Letaknya
dapat berdekatan / berjauhan.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sistem keluaran / pembuat
Reportase </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">( The
output system or report Generator)<br />
Terdiri dari laporan biasa ,dokumen dan laporan khusus.</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kriteria
DataBase</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Struktur filenya memudahkan
untuk mengcutkan suatu record dengan record lainnya.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Penggabungan file secara
menyilang dimungkinkan, sehingga record yang sebelumnya bebas karena biasa
digabung dan diproses bersama secara otomatis.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">File program/datanya bersifat
bebas, sehingga memudahkan untuk pemutakhiran dan perawatan DB.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Memilih rumusan bersama (common
definition) dalam kaitannya dengan definisi data, format record dan
berbagai jenis deskripsi lainnya.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Memiliki DBMS untuk mengelola
data.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kamus Data</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Memiliki memori akses langsung
yang besar untuk memuat data DBMS.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Memiliki program dan piranti
komunikasi yang canggih, yang memungkinkan pengguna untuk mengakses data
secara serempak.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Memiliki teknik-teknik
penyalinan (back up), penghidupan kembali (restart) dan perolehan kembali
(recovery) yang canggih yang dapat merekrontuksi kembali file-file DB jika
ada data yang rusak/hilang.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Adanya Query Language.</span></li>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Manajerial
DataBase Meliputi :</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">System Intelegent<br />
Untuk perencanaan strategis, baik dalam substansi jumlahnya maupun
sifatnya bagi kegiatan manajemen puncak.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Masalah-masalah management
khusus</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Model Manajemen</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tugas Kunci system informasi</span></li>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perangkat
lunak data base</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br />
Perangkat lunak yang menetapkan dan memelihara integrasi logis antar file, baik
eksplisit maupun implicit disebut system manajemen database( datavase
management system ) DBMS. IDS dari General Electric adalaj contoh pertamanya
dan kemudian diikuti oleh sejumlah usaha serupa dari pemasok perangkat keras
dan perangkat lunak lain. Contoh DBMS yang menggunakan struktur hirarkis adalah
IMS (Infirmation Management System) dari IBM dan System 2000 dari Intel.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menciptakan
database<br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Proses
menciptakan database mencakup tiga langkah utama, yaitu;<br />
· Menentukan kebutuhan data, meliputi pendekatan berorientasi proses,
pendekatan model perusahaan.<br />
· Menjelaskan data, dengan cara system kamus data, data description language.<br />
· Memasukan data</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pengelola
database<br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Seorang
spesialis informasi yang bertanggung jawab atas database disebut pengelola database
atau DBA. Tugas DBA terbagi dalam empat bidang utama;</span></div>
<ul type="disc">
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sama dengan para manajer untuk mendefinisikan skema perusahaan dengan para
pemakai untuk mendefinisikan subskema mereka. Selain itu juga perperan
penting dalam memilih DBMS.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Penerapan database, terdiri
dari menciptakan data base yang sesuai dengan DBMS yang dipilih, serta
menetapkan dan menegakkan kebijakan dan prosedur penggunaaan database.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Operasi database, mencakup
menawarkan program pendidikan kepada pemakai datavase dan menyediakan
bantuan saat diperlukan.</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Keamanan
database, meliputi pemantauan kegiatan database dengan menggunakan statistic
yang disediakan DBMS. Selain itu juga memastikan bahwa data base tetap aman.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br />
<b>DBMS (Data Base Management System)</b></span></div>
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</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">DBMS: Suatu
cara dalam bentuk system yang berguna dalam menyimpan data penggunaan cara yang
tepat dapat mempercepat penyimpanan data ,pemrosesan data dan pengambilan data.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Empat hal
penting dalam DBMS</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br />
a. Query language<br />
b. Security consideration<br />
c. Biaya tidak langsung pemrosesan<br />
d. Kecocokan dengan tipa aplikasi</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Elemen-elemen
utama dari DBMS ;</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br />
· Data description language processor<br />
· Performance statistics processor<br />
· Modul backup/recovery<br />
· Manajer database</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Keuntungan
DBMS<br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">· Mengurangi
pengulangan data<br />
· Mencapai independesi data<br />
· Mengintegrasikan data beberapa file<br />
· Mengambil data dan informasi secara cepat<br />
· Meningkatkan keamanan<br />
·Meningkatkan presentasi kesiapan data (data availability) yang berarti
tersedia pada waktu dibutuhkan.<br />
· Mempercepat penyimpanan dan pengambilan data.<br />
· Mempercepat dan mempermudah pemrosesan data<br />
· Mengurangi penyimpanan data yang rangkap<br />
· Mempermudah pemrograman karena lebih fleksibel.</span></div>
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· Kurangnya ahli Data Base<br />
· Biaya pemrosesan data sangat tinggi<br />
· Kebutuhan software dan Hardware yang bertambah<br />
· Penggabungan dan pengamanan data<br />
· Memperoleh perangkat lunak yang mahal<br />
· Memperoleh konfigurasi perangkat keras yang besar<br />
· Mempekerjakan dan mempertahankan staf DBA</span> </span></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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Sumber : <<a href="http://adf.ly/MHeS6" target="_blank">Sudirman Blog</a>><<a href="http://adf.ly/MHec6" target="_blank">Zona IT SMK</a>>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01272380169843443848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2538611872712451578.post-59955355594076709812013-03-28T02:21:00.000-07:002013-03-28T02:24:55.986-07:00Perangkat Lunak (Chapter 4)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b>A<span style="color: orange;">s</span><span style="color: yellow;">s</span><span style="color: lime;">a</span><span style="color: cyan;">l</span><span style="color: blue;">a</span><span style="color: purple;">m</span><span style="color: magenta;">u</span>a<span style="color: orange;">l</span><span style="color: yellow;">a</span><span style="color: lime;">i</span><span style="color: cyan;">k</span><span style="color: blue;">u</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span> W<span style="color: orange;">r</span><span style="color: blue;">.<span style="color: purple;">W</span><span style="color: magenta;">b.</span></span></b></span></span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VtM4675D678/UVP8F0uX87I/AAAAAAAAAgs/kfVxmtoES_c/s1600/120823044951-gallery-microsoft-current-large-gallery-horizontal.jpg.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="137" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VtM4675D678/UVP8F0uX87I/AAAAAAAAAgs/kfVxmtoES_c/s200/120823044951-gallery-microsoft-current-large-gallery-horizontal.jpg.gif" width="200" /></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2538611872712451578" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2538611872712451578" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
<b>Pengertian Software (Perangkat Lunak)</b><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Software adalah perangkat lunak yang berfungsi untuk menjalankan perintah kerja pada komputer. Software diformat dan disimpan secara digital, termasuk program komputer, dokumentasinya, dan berbagai informasi yang bisa dibaca dan ditulis oleh komputer.</div>
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<a name='more'></a><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Pengertian lain menyebutkan software adalah data elektronik yang disimpan dan diatur oleh komputer, data elektronik yang disimpan oleh komputer itu dapat berupa program atau instruksi yang akan menjalankan suatu perintah. melalu software atau perangkat lunak inilah suatu komputer dapat menjalankan suatu perintah atau program.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Jenis - Jenis Software Berdasarkan Sifatnya :</b></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li>Sistem Operasi (Operating System) misalnya Ubuntu, Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows 8.</li>
<li>Perangkat lunak aplikasi (Application Software) seperti pengolah kata (Ms.Word), Pengolah angka (Ms.Excel), pemutar media (Media Player), dan paket aplikasi perkantoran seperti Microsoft Office.</li>
<li>Pengendali perangkat keras (Device Driver) yaitu penghubung antara perangkat keras pembantu dan komputer adalah software yang banyak dipakai di swalayan dan juga sekolah, yaitu penggunaan barcoode scanner pada aplikasi database lainnya.</li>
<li>Perngkat lunak menetap (Firmware) seperti yang dipasang dalam jam tangan digital dan pengendali jarak jauh.</li>
<li>Perangkat lunak bebas dan perangkat lunak sumber terbuka.</li>
<li>Perangkat lunak gratis (Freeware)</li>
<li>Perngkat lunak uji coba (Shareware/Trialware)</li>
<li>Perangkat lunak perusak (Malware)</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Setelah kita membahas, pengertian software di atas.Timbul pertanyaan, siapakah pencipta Software? sebenarnya pencipta software sangatlah banyak, salah satunya yaitu Microsoft. Microsoft menciptakan software serta mencapai kesuksesan dalam bidang bisnis.</div>
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<b>Aktivitas Dunia Internet :</b><br />
Aplikasi perangkat lunak dimana - dimana, Meskipun demikian, masih banyak pula industri yang belum mempunyai perangkat lunak untuk memenuhi kebutuhan mereka. Menggunakan internet :<br />
<ul>
<li>Mengamati jika, kamu dapat menemukan salah satu contoh industri yang memiliki aplikasi yang berbeda.</li>
<li>Salah satu industri yang tidak memiliki berbagai solusi perangkat lunak.</li>
</ul>
<b>Aktivitas Kelompok Kecil :</b><br />
Industri yang tidak memiliki berbagai macam aplikasi menggunakan bantuan melalui kelompok kecil :<br />
<ul>
<li>Mendiskusikan aplikasi yang bermanfaat untuk kuntungan.</li>
<li>Menggunakan aplikasi yang belum pernah digunakan.</li>
</ul>
<b>Tipe Perangkat Lunak (Type of Software) </b><br />
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<b>Software Suite</b><br />
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2538611872712451578" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2538611872712451578" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9zPEbNlsvi4/UVQLZ3OQelI/AAAAAAAAAhc/N8YUaWFTGg0/s1600/Picture2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="89" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9zPEbNlsvi4/UVQLZ3OQelI/AAAAAAAAAhc/N8YUaWFTGg0/s320/Picture2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="color: red;">W</span><span style="color: orange;">a</span><span style="color: yellow;">s</span><span style="color: lime;">s</span><span style="color: cyan;">a</span><span style="color: blue;">l</span><span style="color: purple;">a</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span><span style="color: red;">u</span><span style="color: orange;">a</span><span style="color: yellow;">l</span><span style="color: lime;">a</span><span style="color: cyan;">i</span><span style="color: blue;">k</span><span style="color: purple;">u</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span> <span style="color: red;">W</span><span style="color: orange;">r</span><span style="color: yellow;">.</span><span style="color: lime;">W</span><span style="color: cyan;">b</span><span style="color: blue;">.</span></b></div>
Sumber : <<a href="http://www.kucoba.com/2013/03/pengertian-software-perangkat-lunak.html" target="_blank">Kucoba</a>><<a href="http://alfrechody.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">Alfrechody</a>><<a href="http://12650010-si.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">Sistem Informasi</a>><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"></span></span></b></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"></span></span></b></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: magenta;"></span></span></b></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="color: blue;"></span></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="color: blue;"></span></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: red;"></span></span></b></span></span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01272380169843443848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2538611872712451578.post-1275693577812168612013-03-21T02:37:00.003-07:002013-03-21T06:31:01.861-07:00Perangkat Keras Komputer (Chapter 3)<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: red;"><b>A<span style="color: orange;">s</span><span style="color: yellow;">s</span><span style="color: lime;">a</span><span style="color: cyan;">l</span><span style="color: blue;">a</span><span style="color: purple;">m</span><span style="color: magenta;">u</span>a<span style="color: orange;">l</span><span style="color: yellow;">a</span><span style="color: lime;">i</span><span style="color: cyan;">k</span><span style="color: blue;">u</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span> W<span style="color: orange;">r</span><span style="color: blue;">.<span style="color: purple;">W</span><span style="color: magenta;">b</span><span style="color: red;">.</span></span></b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ghDHcyV8kTo/UUrUru1JbeI/AAAAAAAAAgI/_Zpem6VNXY0/s1600/Komputer+Hardware.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="316" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ghDHcyV8kTo/UUrUru1JbeI/AAAAAAAAAgI/_Zpem6VNXY0/s320/Komputer+Hardware.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komponen – komponen perangkat keras
(<i>Hardware</i>) pada Sistem Informasi (IS) yaitu :</span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CPU <i>(Central Processing Unit)</i></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memory</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
(Penyimpanan Primer dan Sekunder)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Input Devices</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Output devices</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.<br /><a name='more'></a> </span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ada 2 komponen utama pada
motherboard :</span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CPU (<i>Central Processing Unit</i>), sering disebut
juga dengan <i>Processor</i> berfungsi untuk menjalankan instruksi yang
memberitahu bagaimana komputer bertindak.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memory</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
, berfungsi sebagai tempat penyimpanan sementara untuk data dan
instruksi.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CPU juga terdiri dari beberapa
komponen penyusun yaitu :</span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prosessor.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memory.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Adapter cards : sound card, modem card, video card dan
network card.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ports.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Drive bays.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Power supply.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Apa itu <i>Motherboard</i>?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Motherboard atau merupakan </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Papan sirkuit utama di unit system yang berisi kartu
adaper,chip processor dan memori chip dan juga sering disebut <i>papan
sistem</i>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Microprocessor </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">merupakan pengeksekusi<i> </i> atau hasil
akhir instruksi untuk mengambil data, memproses, dan mengeluarkan data melalui
jalur data.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komponen – komponennya yaitu :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Control Unit</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
, berfungsi untuk :</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Mengakses instruksi program,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Menafsirkan instruksi,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Mengatur aliran data.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 2. Arithmetic – Logic Unit</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
(ALU), berfungsi untuk mengerjakan komputasi data.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 3. Registers</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, merupakan penyimpanan data
sementara yang berfungsi untuk :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Menyimpan lokasi data dimana data tersebut akan diambil,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Menyimpan instruksi data ketika data tersebut akan di terjemahkan,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Menyimpan data ketika ALU memproses data,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Menyimpan hasil komputasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 4. Primary Storage berfungsi menyimpan data informasi yang kita kerjakan dan bersifat <i>volatile </i>yang artinya data yang kita kerjakan akan hilang jika komputer dimatikan. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tipe – tipe <i>Primary Storage</i>
yaitu,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- <i>Register</i> merupakan penyimpanan sangat cepat namun kapasitasnya
terbatas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
<i>Random Access Memory</i> (RAM) bersifat <i>volatile</i>, yaitu jika
power mati maka data akan hilang.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
<i>Cache Memory</i> merupakan perantara RAM dan hardisk, lebih cepat dari RAM.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
<i>Read-only memory</i> (ROM) berupa chips untuk menyimpan instruksi permanen</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Secondary Memory memiliki</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> ciri – ciri :</span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memiliki kapasitas penyimpanan yang besar.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Lebih murah dari primary strorage.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Lebih lambat dari primary strorage.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Data yang bisa dihapus dan dapat di program ulang.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Data yang disusun pada primary
strorage dan secondary memory disimpan dalam bentuk digital (bit).Bit merupakan
kependekan dari <i>Binary Digit</i> yang terdiri dari dua angka 0 dan 1. 8bit =
1 bytes. bytes adalah ukuran dasar di komputer.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berikut adalah ukuran data :</span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1 Kilobyte = 1024 bytes</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1 Megabyte = 1 juta bytes</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1 Gigabytes = 1 milyar bytes</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1 Terabytes = 1 trilyun bytes</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">RAM, dapat disebut juga <i>Main
Memory</i> atau <i>Primary Storage</i> yang bersifat <i>volatile</i> yaitu data
akan hilang jika power dimatikan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ROM : memory chips yang menyimpan
instruksi permanent yang mempunyai kapasitas penyimpanan jauh lebih besar dari
pada RAM. Aksesnya juga begitu lebih lambat dan <i>nonvolatile</i> yang
artinya data yang kita kerjakan tidak akan hilang jika power dimatikan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ada 3 tipe ROM, yaitu :</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Firmware</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PROM</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">EEPROM</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Siklus instruksi mesin :</span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Instruksi diambil dari <i>primary storage</i> oleh <i>Control
Unit</i>,</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Instruksi di terjemahkan jadi perintah sehingga di
pahami <i>Control Unit</i>,</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ALU menerima data dan instruksi dan melakukan
perhitungan atau perbandingan,</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hasilnya disimpan dalam penyimpanan utama.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Microprocessor</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> berkembang pesat dikarenakan :</span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Miniatur transistor,</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penurunan jarak antara transistor pada chip (lebar
baris penurunan)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peningkatan konduktivitas (aliran) listrik</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peningkatan instruksi pemasukan program ke dalam chip.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Lebih kecil, paling cepat, lebih murah, dan lebih
powerfull dengan perkembangan zaman.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komputer umumnya diklasifikasikan
oleh kekuatan pemrosesan :</span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Supercomputer </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
Sangat canggih</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
Kompleks Komputasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
CPU lebih cepat</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
Simulasi besar</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
Mahal.</span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mainframe </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Midrange</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Workstation.</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Microcomputers</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peralatan Komputasi.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Input devices Setiap komponen
hardware yang digunakan untuk memasukkan data atau instruksi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Type <i>input devices</i> :</span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Data merupakan teks, suara, video dan foto yang
belum diolah</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Instruksi yaitu seperti program, perintah.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Human-oriented</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
: manusia yang lebih berperan.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
<i>Keyboard</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
<i>Touch Screens</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
<i>Joystick</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
<i>Microphone</i></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Automated </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
Mesin ATM</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
Kamera</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
Mesin Sensor</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Output devices</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yaitu komponen hardware yang dapat menyampaikan ata
memberikan informasi kepada pengguna.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
<i>Text</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
<i>Video</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
<i>Audio</i></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: right;">
<b><span style="color: red;">W</span><span style="color: orange;">a</span><span style="color: yellow;">s</span><span style="color: lime;">s</span><span style="color: cyan;">a</span><span style="color: blue;">l</span><span style="color: purple;">a</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span><span style="color: red;">u</span><span style="color: orange;">a</span><span style="color: yellow;">l</span><span style="color: lime;">a</span><span style="color: cyan;">i</span><span style="color: blue;">k</span><span style="color: purple;">u</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span> <span style="color: red;">W</span><span style="color: orange;">r</span><span style="color: yellow;">.</span><span style="color: lime;">W</span><span style="color: cyan;">b</span><span style="color: blue;">.</span></b></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01272380169843443848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2538611872712451578.post-87531977634645381962013-03-14T16:13:00.000-07:002013-03-14T16:13:54.644-07:00Bersaing Dengan Teknologi Informasi (Chapter 2)<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: red; font-size: small;"><b><blink> </blink></b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: red;"><b>A<span style="color: orange;">s</span><span style="color: yellow;">s</span><span style="color: lime;">a</span><span style="color: cyan;">l</span><span style="color: blue;">a</span><span style="color: purple;">m</span><span style="color: magenta;">u</span>a<span style="color: orange;">l</span><span style="color: yellow;">a</span><span style="color: lime;">i</span><span style="color: cyan;">k</span><span style="color: blue;">u</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span> W<span style="color: orange;">r</span><span style="color: blue;">.<span style="color: purple;">W</span><span style="color: magenta;">b</span><span style="color: red;">.</span></span></b></span></span><blink></blink></b></span></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;"><b><blink> Bagaimana Cara Bersaing Bisnis Menggunakan IT?</blink></b></span></span><br />
<span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-size: large;">=> Kompetitif Strategi dan Kekuatan</span></span> <span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-size: large;"><=</span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bX1781jqObY/UUJZkctu5gI/AAAAAAAAAfo/jTo4E5cqsp4/s1600/bab2-1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="308" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bX1781jqObY/UUJZkctu5gI/AAAAAAAAAfo/jTo4E5cqsp4/s320/bab2-1.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Dasar-Dasar Kenggulan Strategis</span></b><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><i><u><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Konsep-konsep Dasar Strategi Kompetitif</span></u></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hal
ini menciptakan sistem informasi strategis, sistem informasi yang
mendukung atau membentuk posisi kompetitif dan strategi dari perusahaan
bisnis. Jadi, sistem informasi strategis dapat berupa sistem informasi
apapun (TPS, SIM, DSS, dan lain-lain), yang menggunakan teknologi
informasi untuk membantu organisasi memperoleh keunggulan kompetitif,
mengurangi kelemahan kompetitif, atau untuk memenuhi tujuan strategis
perusahaan lainnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><i><u><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tekanan Kompetitif dan Strategi</span></u></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Perusahaan
dapat bertahan hidup dan berhasil dalam jangka panjang, hanya jika
perusahaan tersebut berhasil mengembangkan strategi untuk menghadapi
lime tekanan kompetitif yang membentuk struktur persaingan dalam
industrinya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><br /><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Menggunakan Teknologi Informasi Sebagai Kunggulan Strategis</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><i><u><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Penggunaan Strategis Teknologi Informasi</span></u></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Terdapat
banyak cara perusahaan dapat memandang dan menggunakan teknologi
informasi. Contohnya, perusahaan dapat memilih untuk menggunakan sistem
informasi secara strategis, atau perusahaan dapat merasa puas dengan
menggunakan teknologi informasi untuk mendukung operasi rutin yang
efisien. Akan tetapi, jika perusahaan menekankan penggunaan strategis
bisnis dari teknologi informasi, manajemen perusahaan tersebut akan
memandang teknologi informasi sebagai faktor pembeda kompetitif yang
utama. Pihak manajemen kemudian akan membentuk berbagai strategi bisnis
yang akan menggunakan teknologi informasi untuk mengembangkan berbagai
produk, jasa, dan kemampuan yang akan memberi perusahaan keunggulan
besar dalam pasar tempat perusahaan bersaing. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><i><u><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Membangun Bisnis yang Berfokus pada Pelanggan</span></u></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bagi
banyak perusahaan, nilai bisnis utama mereka untuk menjadi bisnis yang
berfokus pada pelanggan, yang terletak pada kemampuan mereka untuk
mempertahankan pelanggan agar tetap loyal, mengantisipasi kebutuhan di
masa mendatang, merespons kekhawatiran pelanggan, dan menyediakan
layanan pelanggan berkualitas tinggi. Fokus strategis atas nilai bagi
pelanggan ini mengakui bahwa kualitas bukan harga, melainkan telah
menjadi determian utama dalam persepsi pelanggan atas nilai. Dari sudut
pandang pelanggan, perusahaan-perusahaan yang secara konsisten
menawarkan nilai terbaik mampu menelusuri preferensi setiap
pelanggannya, mengikuti tren pasar, pasokan produk, layanan dan
informasi, kapan saja, di mana saja, dan memberi layanan, pelanggan yang
disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan tiap pelanggan. Selain itu, teknologi
internet telah menciptakan peluang strategis bagi perusahaan besar dan
kecil, untuk menawarkan layanan dan produk yang cepat, responsif, serta
berkualitas tinggi yang disesuaikan dengan preferensi setiap pelanggan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><i><u><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Merekayasa Ulang Proses Bisnis</span></u></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Teknologi
informasi adalah bahan utama dalam merekayasa ulang proses bisnis
dengan memungkinkan perubahan radikal atau proses bisnis yang secara
dramatis akan meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivitasnya. Teknologi
internet dapat memainkan peranan besar dalam mendukung perubahan inovasi
atas desain arus kerja,persyaratan pekerjaan, serta struktur organisasi
dalam sebuah perusahaan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Menjadi Perusahaan yang Lincah</span></b> </span></div>
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelincahan (
agility ) dalam kinerja bisnis adalah kemampuan perusahaan untuk
sejahtera dalam pasar global yang berubah cepat dan terus terfragmen
untuk produk dan jasa berkualitas tinggi, berkinerja baik, dan
disesuaikan dengan pelanggan. Perusahaan yang lincah dapat membuat laba
dalam pasar dengan pilihan produk yang luas dan bermasa hidup pendek,
dan dapat memproduksi peranan secara individual dan dengan jumlah yang
besar. Perusahaan tersebut mendukung penyesuaian massal ( mass
customization ) dengan menawarkan produk individual sambil
mempertahankan produksi dalam volume yang tinggi. Perusahaan yang lincah
sangat bergantung pada teknologi internet untuk memadukan dan mengelola
proses bisnis, sambil menyediakan daya pemrosesan informasi untuk
melayani banyak pelanggan sebagai individual.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Menciptakan Perusahaan Virtual</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Membentuk
perusahaan virtual telah menjadi strategi kompetitif yang penting dalam
pasar global yang dinamis saat ini. Internet dan teknologi informasi
lainnya memainkan peran penting dalam menyediakan sumber daya komputer
serta telekomunikasi untuk mendukung arus komunikasi, koordinasi, dan
informasi yang dibutuhkan. Para manajer perusahaan virtual tergantung
pada teknologi informasi untuk membantu mereka mengelola jaringan sumber
daya orang, pengetahuan, keuangan, dan fisik yang disediakan oleh
banyak mitra bisnis untuk secara cepat memanfaatkan peluang pasar yang
berubah dengan cepat. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Membangun Perusahaan yang Dapat Menghasilkan Pengetahuan</span></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Keunggulan
kompetitif yang dapat bertahan lama saat ini hanya dapat berasal dari
penggunaan dan manajemen yang inovatif atas pengetahuan organisasi
melalui perusahaan yang dapat menghasilkan pengetahuan dan organisasi
yang belajar. Teknologi internet secara luas digunakan dalam sistem
manajemen pengetahuan untuk mendukung pembuatan dan penyebaran
pengetahuan bisnis dan integrasinya ke dalam produk, jasa, serta proses
bisnis yang baru.</span> </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Download File<span style="font-size: small;"> => <span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: small;">Chapter2.ppt</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;">Sumber :<span style="font-size: small;"> <span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://raisarays.blogspot.com/2011/01/bersaing-dengan-menggunakan-teknologi.html?showComment=1363254836368#c9039730767553551300" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Raisa<span style="font-size: small;">_Rachmaw<span style="font-size: small;">ati</span></span></span></a><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<b><span style="color: red;">W</span><span style="color: orange;">a</span><span style="color: yellow;">s</span><span style="color: lime;">s</span><span style="color: cyan;">a</span><span style="color: blue;">l</span><span style="color: purple;">a</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span><span style="color: red;">u</span><span style="color: orange;">a</span><span style="color: yellow;">l</span><span style="color: lime;">a</span><span style="color: cyan;">i</span><span style="color: blue;">k</span><span style="color: purple;">u</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span> <span style="color: red;">W</span><span style="color: orange;">r</span><span style="color: yellow;">.</span><span style="color: lime;">W</span><span style="color: cyan;">b</span><span style="color: blue;">.</span></b></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;"><b><blink></blink></b></span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01272380169843443848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2538611872712451578.post-45223421188608199872013-03-07T00:35:00.000-08:002013-03-07T22:42:56.539-08:00Dasar - Dasar Sistem Informasi dalam Bisnis (Chapter 1)<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-p5_RQC8Em5g/UThQYOcZJNI/AAAAAAAAAfI/q--weu_APKc/s1600/IS-role.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="126" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-p5_RQC8Em5g/UThQYOcZJNI/AAAAAAAAAfI/q--weu_APKc/s200/IS-role.JPG" width="200" /></a><span style="color: red;"><b>A<span style="color: orange;">s</span><span style="color: yellow;">s</span><span style="color: lime;">a</span><span style="color: cyan;">l</span><span style="color: blue;">a</span><span style="color: purple;">m</span><span style="color: magenta;">u</span>a<span style="color: orange;">l</span><span style="color: yellow;">a</span><span style="color: lime;">i</span><span style="color: cyan;">k</span><span style="color: blue;">u</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span> W<span style="color: orange;">r</span><span style="color: blue;">.<span style="color: purple;">W</span><span style="color: magenta;">b</span><span style="color: red;">.</span></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"><b>Definisi Sistem Informasi Bisnis</b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> Sistem yang melayani transaksi-transaksi bisnis yang terjadi di tingkat bawah(operasional) organisasi. </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">Data data dari manajemen operasional dikumpulkan dan diolah sehingga menjadi informasi yang berguna bagi semuanya.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">System
informasi di fungsi-fungsi organisasi memanfaatkan basis data untuk
membuat laporan-laporan yang dibutuhkan disemua tingkatan manajemen.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"><b></b></span></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"><b>Kerangka System Informasi Bisnis</b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> Terdiri
dari konsep dasar Sistem Informasi Bisnis, Teknologi Informasi dan
Komunikasi, Si-Bis untuk Keunggulan kompetitif, Perencanaan Si-Bis, dan
Tantangan & Peluang TI.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">Berikut ini penjelasannya :</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">· <b> Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi</b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">
Adalah Teknologi yang memanfaatkan Teknologi computer,Internet, dan
teknologi komunikasi yang dapat memberikan nilai tambah pada kegiatan
dan operasional organisasi atau perusahaan.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">· <b> Sistem Informasi Bisnis untuk Keunggulan Bersaing</b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">
Si-Bis dapat diterapkan di internal atau eksternal organisasi. Di
internal organisasi, Si-Bis diterapkan pada fungsi organisasi dan di
tingkat manajemen. Di eksternal organisasi bertujuan untuk menjangkau
pihak eksternal perusahaan agar lebih efektif. Pihak eksternal bisa
berupa organisasi lainnya(untuk EDI) atau pemakai individu termasuk
konsumen perusahaan.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">· <b>Perencanaan Sistem Informasi Bisnis</b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">
Perencanaan Si-Bis dapat dikembangkan dengan mtode SDLC atau metode
alternative. Metode perencanaan denan SDLC dapat menghasilkan system
yang berkualitas, tetapi membutuhkan waktu pengembangan yang lama. Untuk
aplikasi yang harus segera dioperasikan, metode ini kurang tepat.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">Metode
pengembangan alternative merupakan pembelian paket aplikasi,
prototype(prototype yang kecil dikembangkan terlebih dahulu dan
ditingkatkan terus menerus samapai prototype selesai dikembangkan), End
user computing(EUC) dikembangkan oleh pemakai system, Outsourching
dikembangkan dan dioperasikan pihak ketiga.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">· <b>Tantangan dan peluang TI</b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">
Adalah pengelolaan etika dalam implementasi TI dan pengelolaan politik
TI. Untuk implementasi TI dan perubahan, tidak akan semua level
organisasi dapat menerimanya dalam waktu yang cepat dan banyak tantangan
yang dihadapi. Namun setelah semua komponen system menerimanya, barulah
memnafaatkan Si-Bis untuk keunggulan kompetitif dalam bisnis.
Pengendalian merupakan salah satu komponen Si-Bis sehingga perlu
dikelola dengan baik agar menghasilkan output yang akurat.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> maka dari
itu dengan adanya konsep sistem informasi bisnis, bisa memudahkan para
pelaku bisnis untuk lebih berkembang secara lebih lagi dan bisa
menentukan langkah apa yang akan diambil agar para pelaku bisnis bisa
lebih optimal lagi dalam melayani transaksi yg terjadi di masyarakat
seperti definisi sistem informasi bisnis itu sendiri.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">Download File :</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><a href="http://adf.ly/KSeXv" target="_blank">Chater 1 </a></span>(ppt)</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">Sumber : </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"><a href="http://dwiasihrahaayu.blogspot.com/2012/10/konsep-dasar-sistem-informasi-bisnis.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Dwi Asih <span style="font-size: small;">Rahayu</span></span></a> </span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01272380169843443848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2538611872712451578.post-10447496137130162722013-03-02T01:51:00.002-08:002013-03-02T04:38:22.785-08:00Seminar Nasional (Demo Hacking)<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red;"><b><blink>Web Hacking Security</blink></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XjcLeP24zno/UTHbLQyVYPI/AAAAAAAAAdk/EKIEiJWZEDc/s1600/45Hacker_Detected.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="160" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XjcLeP24zno/UTHbLQyVYPI/AAAAAAAAAdk/EKIEiJWZEDc/s200/45Hacker_Detected.jpeg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Untuk mengisi mata kuliah Sistem Informasi yang kosong, diganti dengan mengikuti Seminar Demo Hacker yang diadakan ICT (Information and Communication Technology) di UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang.</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br /></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>Konsep Dasar Ethical Hacker :</b><br />
1. Melihat celah keamanan pada suatu sistem komputer.<br />
2. Melihat keamanan komputer<br />
=> Melihat secara kritis<br />
=> Melihat secara substansial<br />
=> Melihat secara reflektif<br />
<br />
<b>Keamanan suatu komputer menjadi penting karna</b><br />
=> Perkembangan komputer<br />
=> Ketergantungan manusia<br />
=> Tuntunan kompleksitas semakin tinggi<br />
=> Keamanan menjadi anak tiri<br />
=> Kemampuan orang disebut hacker menjadi menurun<br />
=> Kemampuan rendah bisa menjadi ancaman tinggi<br />
=> Untuk kepentingan umum<br />
<br />
<b>Terminologi Hacker</b><br />
=> Vulnerability adalah sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan sistem kompter yang memungkinkan seseorang mengoperasikan dan menjalankannya dengan benar, atau memungkinkan pihak tak berwenang (HACKER) mengambil alih. Ada banyak tipe Vulnerability. <span style="font-size: small;">Ada
miskonfigurasi dalam setup service, atau flaw programming service.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">=> Threat adalah</span><span style="font-size: small;"> suatu celah yang terbuka pada suatu jaringan
sehingga dapat dilakukan serangan (attack) pada jaringan tersebu<span style="font-size: small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">=> Attack adalah </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">serangan yang
dilakukan pada server dengan cara membanjiri server dengan request ping atau
request lainya dalam jumlah yang sangat banyak.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">=> Expl<span style="font-size: small;">oit adalah </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"> kode jahil yang memanfaatkan lubang keamanan perangkat lunak untuk
menyerang komputer tanpa persetujuan dan tanpa sepengetahuan user.</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">Contoh situs yang menyediakan Explo<span style="font-size: small;">it:</span></span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">=> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Metasploit frameworks</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">=<span style="font-size: small;">> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Exploit-db.com</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">=> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Securityfocus.com</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">=> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Darkc0de.com</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">=> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Packetstormsecurity.org</span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Elemen - Ele<span style="font-size: small;">men Keamanan <span style="font-size: small;">(CIA) :</span></span></span></span></span></span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">=> Cont<span style="font-size: small;">iden<span style="font-size: small;">tiality</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">=> Integrity<span style="font-size: small;">/Integritas</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">=> Availab<span style="font-size: small;">ility</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Pengelompokan Hacker<span style="font-size: small;"> :</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">=> Black Hat Hacker</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">=> White Hat Hacker</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">=> Gr<span style="font-size: small;">ay Hat <span style="font-size: small;">Hacker</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">=> Suicide Hacker</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: lime;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><blink>Tahapan Aktivitas Hacking</blink></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">1.<b><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Re<span style="font-size: small;">conna<span style="font-size: small;">issance Passive</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">=> Pencarian<span style="font-size: small;"> data target di Google</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">=> Pencarian data target di berbagai jaringan sosial</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">2. Pencarian Exp<span style="font-size: small;">loit</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">=> Google.com</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">=> Archive Milworm</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">3. Gaining Acces</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">=> Expl<span style="font-size: small;">oitasi Remote Excution (Pada celah k<span style="font-size: small;">eamanan OS, Aplikasi<span style="font-size: small;">, W<span style="font-size: small;">eb</span></span></span>)</span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">4. Maintaning Acces</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">=> PHP Backdoor (Simple PHP S<span style="font-size: small;">hell</span>, R<span style="font-size: small;">57, C99, 1C100, ASP<span style="font-size: small;"> Backdoor, B374K</span></span>)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">5. Covering Track</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">=> Pembersihan berbagai exploit atau software yang di Upload</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">=> Pembersihan<span style="font-size: small;"> jejak</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">6. GET a<span style="font-size: small;">n<span style="font-size: small;">d POST</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">=> <span style="font-size: small;">GET : www.site.com/form.php?nama=zae</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Sumber :</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01272380169843443848noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2538611872712451578.post-15438975084967753872013-02-20T23:12:00.001-08:002013-02-21T00:07:45.133-08:00Pengertian Sistem Informasi<div style="text-align: center;">
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UgL8sUrq3LQ/USXIaN8EPFI/AAAAAAAAAbE/0fkZeEUUFzE/s1600/36222_RachelShine_PlayboyPlusOriginals_016_123_468lo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UgL8sUrq3LQ/USXIaN8EPFI/AAAAAAAAAbE/0fkZeEUUFzE/s200/36222_RachelShine_PlayboyPlusOriginals_016_123_468lo.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="color: red;"><b>A<span style="color: orange;">s</span><span style="color: yellow;">s</span><span style="color: lime;">a</span><span style="color: cyan;">l</span><span style="color: blue;">a</span><span style="color: purple;">m</span><span style="color: magenta;">u</span>a<span style="color: orange;">l</span><span style="color: yellow;">a</span><span style="color: lime;">i</span><span style="color: cyan;">k</span><span style="color: blue;">u</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span> W<span style="color: orange;">r</span><span style="color: blue;">.<span style="color: purple;">W</span><span style="color: magenta;">b</span><span style="color: red;">.</span></span></b></span></div>
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<b style="color: red;"><blink>Pengertian Sistem Informasi</blink></b> => Secara umum <b>Sistem informasi dapat didefinisikan</b> sebagai suatu sistem di
dalam suatu organisasi yang merupakan kombinasi dari orang-orang,
fasilitas, teknologi, media prosedur-prosedur dan pengendalian yang
ditujukan untuk mendapatkan jalur komunikasi penting, memproses tipe
transaksi rutin tertentu, memberi sinyal kepada manajemen dan yang
lainnya terhadap kejadian-kejadian internal dan eksternal yang penting
dan menyediakan suatu dasar informasi untuk pengambilan keputusan.</div>
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>Definisi Sistem Informasi</i>
- Menurut Mc leod Sistem Informasi merupakan sistem yang mempunyai
kemampuan untuk mengumpulkan informasi dari semua sumber dan menggunakan
berbagai media untuk menampilkan informasi </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Sistem
informasi adalah suatu sistem di dalam suatu organisasi yang
mempertemukan kebutuhan pengolahan transaksi harian yang mendukung
fungsi organisasi yang bersifat manajerial dalam kegiatan strategi dari
suatu organisasi untuk dapat menyediakan kepada pihak luar tertentu
dengan laporan – laporan yang diperlukan. (Tata Sutabri, S.Kom., MM,
2005:36)</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Pengertian Sistem Informasi Menurut Para Ahli</b> - Sistem informasi adalah sistem
di dalam suatu organisasi yang mempertemukan kebutuhan pengolahan
transaksi harian, membantu dan mendukung kegiatan operasi, bersifat
manajerial dari suatu organisasi dan membantu mempermudah penyediaan
laporan yang diperlukan. (Erwan Arbie, 2000, 35).</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Sistem
informasi adalah data yang dikumpulkan, dikelompokkan dan diolah
sedemikian rupa sehingga menjadi sebuah satu kesatuan informasi yang
saling terkait dan saling mendukung sehingga menjadi suatu informasi
yang berharga bagi yang menerimanya. (Tafri D. Muhyuzir, 2001, 8).</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Menurut O’Brien (2005, p5), sistem
informasi adalah suatu kombinasi terartur apapun dari people
(orang), hardware (perangkat keras), software (piranti lunak), computer
networks and data communications (jaringan komunikasi), dan database
(basis data) yang mengumpulkan, mengubah dan menyebarkan informasi di
dalam suatu bentuk organisasi. Untuk lebih jelasnya dapat dilihat pada
gambar 2.1 tentang komponen sistem informasi. </blockquote>
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<img alt="Pengertian Sistem Informasi" border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7TrUWLhwd04/UKNx0SWk0BI/AAAAAAAABtY/AYkUfDSPSH8/s1600/Sistem+Informasi.jpg" title="Pengertian Sistem Informasi Menurut Para Ahli Definisi" /> </div>
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Leitch Rosses (dalam Jugiyanto, 2005 : 11) mengemukakan sistem
informasi adalah suatu sistem didalam organisasi yang mempertemukan
kebutuhan pengelolah transaksi harian, mendukung operasi, bersifat
manajerial dan kegiatan strategi dari suatu organisasi dan menyediakan
pihak luar tertentu dengan laporan-laporan yang diperlukan.</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Menurut Lani Sidharta (1995: 11), “Sebuah sistem informasi
adalah sistem buatan manusia yang berisi himpunan terintegrasi dari
komponen – komponen manual dan komponen – komponen terkomputerisasi yang
bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan data, memproses data, dan menghasilkan
informasi untuk pemakai”</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b><i>Sistem informasi didefinisikan</i></b> Robert A. Leitch dan K. Roscoe Davis dalam buku Jogiyanto HM., (1999: 11), “Sistem informasi adalah suatu sistem
di dalam suatu organisasi yang mempertemukan kebutuhan pengolahan
transaksi harian, mendukung operasi, bersifat manajerial dan kegiatan
strategi dari suatu organisasi dan menyediakan pihak luar tertentu
dengan laporan-laporan yang diperlukan.”</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Menurut Gordon B. Davis (1991: 91), “Sistem
informasi adalah suatu sistem yang menerima masukan data dan instruksi,
mengolah data tersebut sesuai dengan instruksi dan mengeluarkan
hasilnya.”</blockquote>
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Suatu sistem informasi pada dasarnya terbentuk melalui suatu kelompok kegiatan operasi yang tetap, yaitu:</div>
<ol style="text-align: justify;">
<li>Mengumpulkan data</li>
<li>Mengelompokkan data</li>
<li>Menghitung</li>
<li>Menganalisa</li>
<li>Menyajikan laporan</li>
</ol>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<u>Sasaran sistem informasi adalah:</u></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li>Meningkatkan penyelesaian tugas.</li>
<ul>
<li>Pemakai harus lebih produktif agar menghasilkan keluaran yang memiliki mutu yang tinggi.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li>Meningkatkan efektifitas secara keseluruhan.</li>
<ul>
<li>Sistem harus mudah dan sering digunakan.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li>Meningkatkan efektifitas ekonomi.</li>
<ul>
<li>Keuntungan yang diperoleh dari sistem harus lebih besar dari biaya yang dikeluarkan.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>Sistem informasi</i> dapat diartikan sebagai sebuah sistem
yang terintegrasi secara optimal dan berbasis komputer yang dapat
menghimpun dan menyajikan berbagai jenis data yang akurat untuk berbagai
macam kebutuhan. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: red;">W</span><span style="color: orange;">a</span><span style="color: yellow;">s</span><span style="color: lime;">s</span><span style="color: cyan;">a</span><span style="color: blue;">l</span><span style="color: purple;">a</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span><span style="color: red;">u</span><span style="color: orange;">a</span><span style="color: yellow;">l</span><span style="color: lime;">a</span><span style="color: cyan;">i</span><span style="color: blue;">k</span><span style="color: purple;">u</span><span style="color: magenta;">m</span> <span style="color: red;">W</span><span style="color: orange;">r</span><span style="color: yellow;">.</span><span style="color: lime;">W</span><span style="color: cyan;">b</span><span style="color: blue;">.</span></b></div>
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Sumber : <a href="http://www.sarjanaku.com/">www.sarjanaku.com</a></div>
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